Non-household Water Demand: The Industrial and Commercial Sectors

Building Type, Housing Density, and Water Use: Denver Water Data and Agent‐Based Simulations

“…Increased population growth for arid cities of the desert southwest combined with projected decreases in surface water supplies as a result of drought and climate change, and diminishing groundwater resources, drive water utility managers to promulgate programs and policies designed to reduce overall water demand. Residential water users can account for 60% (Bartos and Chester 2014) to 70% (Renzetti 2015) of the public supply of water used. Differences in residential water use in time, and over time, can be attributed to many factors depending, in large part, sociodemographics, household (and housing) structure, neighborhood factors, and climate.…”

Spain

“…Moreover, the slight GDP growth rate increase forecasted for the next years (IMF 2017) is an additional factor with impact on water resources management. Water is considered as an additional input in the production process (Arbués et al 2010;Renzetti 2015). As a consequence, recovering economic activity could lead to intensify both industrial and agricultural water use and waste.…”

An Assessment of Oklahoma City Commercial Businesses’ Willingness to Adopt Irrigation Water Conservation Methods

“…In Oklahoma City and elsewhere, education to encourage irrigation water conservation and water demand management has focused on the residential sector St. Hilaire et al, 2008), whereas outdoor irrigation water conservation in the nonresidential sector has largely been neglected (Renzetti, 2015;Worthington, 2010).…”

“…Customers with higher elasticities of demand (i.e., elastic demands) are more likely to cut back on water use. According to Renzetti (2015) and Reynaud (2003), commercial water demand tends to be inelastic. However, demand elasticity for commercial water is slightly more elastic, i.e., more responsive, to price changes than the residential sector.…”

“…However, demand elasticity for commercial water is slightly more elastic, i.e., more responsive, to price changes than the residential sector. For example, Renzetti (2015) found that elasticity estimates for the commercial sector in the United States ranged between -0.23 and -1.33; this means a 1% increase in price only lowered demand by 0.23%. We expect that by including information on future price increases, the likelihood of commercial customers of adopting an SMS, SIC, or LIA will be greater than for businesses that did not see that information.…”