Non-Human Primate Malaria Infections: A Review on the Epidemiology in Malaysia

Dian, Nor Diyana; Rahim, M.; Chan, Sherwin; Idris, Zulkarnain Md

doi:10.3390/ijerph19137888

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…The findings from this investigation suggest that despite having been recognized as FMD-free and acknowledged by the World Animal Health Organization since 1990 [ 1 ], Indonesia is no longer free from FMD. Analogous to the Malaysian scenario, occurrences of FMD cases in Peninsular Malaysia were linked to the FMD outbreak in Thailand due to their border proximity [ 31 – 33 ]. Hence, it is plausible that the East Java outbreak may have arisen from illicit animal distribution and direct contact with infected cattle in communal grazing areas situated near the Malaysian border.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus detection during the 2022 outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

Aksono,

Lamid,

Rimayanti

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Various methods can detect foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cows, but they necessitate resources, time, costs, laboratory facilities, and specific clinical specimen submission, often leading to FMD virus (FMDV) diagnosis delays. The 2022 FMD outbreak in East Java, Indonesia, highlighted the need for an easy, inexpensive, rapid, and accurate detection approach. This study aims to devise a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technique and phylogenetic analysis to detect the serotype O FMDV outbreak in East Java. Materials and Methods: Swab samples were collected from the foot vesicles, nasal secretions, and saliva of five suspected FMDV-infected cows in East Java between June and July 2022. The RT-LAMP design used hydroxy naphthol blue dye or SYBR Green I dye, with confirmatory analysis through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting 249 base pairs. PCR products underwent purification, sequencing, and nucleotide alignment, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results: The RT-LAMP method using hydroxy naphthol blue dye displayed a positive reaction through a color shift from purple to blue in the tube. Naked-eye observation in standard light or ultraviolet (UV) light at 365 nm, with SYBR Green I stain, also revealed color change. Specifically, using SYBR Green I dye, UV light at 365 nm revealed a color shift from yellow to green, signifying a positive reaction. Nucleotide alignment revealed mutations and deletion at the 15th sequence in the JT-INDO-K3 isolate from the East Java FMDV outbreak. Despite differing branches, the phylogenetic tree placed it in the same cluster as serotype O FMDV from Malaysia and Mongolia. Conclusion: JT-INDO-K3 exhibited distinctions from Indonesian serotype O FMDV isolates and those documented in GenBank. Then, the RT-LAMP method used in this study has a detection limit 10 times higher latter than the conventional RT-PCR limit, without any cross-reactivity among strains. Keywords: cow, East Java, foot-and-mouth disease virus, reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, serotype O.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus detection during the 2022 outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

Aksono,

Lamid,

Rimayanti

et al. 2023

Vet World

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“…Since the implementation of the Malaria Eradication Program in Malaysian Borneo in 1961 and Peninsular Malaysia in 1967, there has been a significant decrease in malaria cases in Malaysia ( Dian et al., 2022a ). In 1966, the number of malaria cases in the country was estimated at approximately 300,000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, no indigenous human malaria cases were reported in Malaysia for the third consecutive year ( WHO, 2020 ). Although numbers of zoonotic malaria due to Plasmodium knowlesi continue to be reported in the country ( Rahim et al., 2020 ; Dian et al, 2022a ; Muhammad et al., 2022 ), consistent efforts to maintain zero indigenous cases, mainly from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax , and achieve the aim of malaria-free status are still the main priority of the government. As malaria transmission declines, efforts to find the sparse and heterogeneously distributed remaining infections in Malaysia could result in operational challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally acquired antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax among indigenous Orang Asli communities in Peninsular Malaysia

Rahim

Munajat

Dian

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Malaria remains a public health problem in many parts of the world. In Malaysia, the significant progress towards the national elimination programme and effective disease notification on malaria has resulted in zero indigenous human malaria cases since 2018. However, the country still needs to determine the extent of malaria exposure and transmission patterns, particularly in high-risk populations. In this study, a serological method was used to measure transmission levels of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax among indigenous Orang Asli communities in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three Orang Asli communities (i.e., Pos Bihai, Pos Gob, and Pos Kuala Betis) in Kelantan from June to July 2019. Antibody responses to malaria were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two P. falciparum (PfAMA-1 and PfMSP-119) and two P. vivax (PvAMA-1 and PvMSP-119) antigens. Age-adjusted antibody responses were analysed using a reversible catalytic model to calculate seroconversion rates (SCRs). Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with malaria exposure. The overall malaria seroprevalence was 38.8% for PfAMA-1, 36.4% for PfMSP-119, 2.2% for PvAMA-1, and 9.3% for PvMSP-119. Between study areas, the proportion of seropositivity for any P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens was significantly highest in Pos Kuala Betis with 34.7% (p < 0.001) and 13.6% (p < 0.001), respectively. For all parasite antigens except for PvAMA-1, the proportion of seropositive individuals significantly increased with age (all p < 0.001). Based on the SCR, there was a higher level of P. falciparum transmission than P. vivax in the study area. Multivariate regression analyses showed that living in Pos Kuala Betis was associated with both P. falciparum (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.6, p < 0.001) and P. vivax (aOR 2.1, p < 0.001) seropositivities. Significant associations were also found between age and seropositivity to P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens. Analysis of community-based serological data helps describe the level of transmission, heterogeneity, and factors associated with malaria exposure among indigenous communities in Peninsular Malaysia. This approach could be an important adjunct tool for malaria monitoring and surveillance in low malaria transmission settings in the country.

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“…Malaysia has eliminated human malaria transmission since 2018. However, reports on zoonotic P. knowlesi infection have increased significantly in 2019 and 2020 (Dian et al, 2022). The number of P. knowlesi notifications in the five divisions of Sabah doubled from 309 in 2019 to 649 in 2020 (unpublished data, Department of Health Sabah).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of genetic diversity of Plasmodium knowlesi kelch13-propeller region in Sabah, Malaysia

Chee, J. K. L.,

Chong, E. T. J.,

Lee, P. C.

2023

MJM

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Aims:The kelch13 gene mutations of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with delayed parasite clearance after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). It is unclear for P. knowlesi that is predominantly reported in Sabah. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the diversity of the P. knowlesi kelch13 gene in five divisions of Sabah. Methodology and results: Ninety-five blood samples infected with P. knowlesi were obtained. The DNA of P. knowlesi samples was extracted and the kelch13 gene was amplified. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced. The sequencing data were aligned and analysed using MEGA 11 and DnaSP v6 software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbour-joining approach, which showed a diverse clade of P. knowlesi in Sabah, with a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.451 and a haplotype diversity of 0.947. The deduced amino acid sequences were classified into 14 haplotypes, providing evidence of distinct P. knowlesi lineages in Sabah. When compared to P. falciparum, the kelch13 sequences of P. knowlesi exhibited a higher π of 0.490 and haplotype diversity of 1.000, and similar mutations that conferred drug resistance to ACT in P. falciparum were detected in P. knowlesi in this study. Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The kelch13 gene of P. knowlesi isolates in Sabah has high nucleotide and haplotype diversities. Additionally, mutations conferring drug resistance to ACT in P. falciparum were identified in P. knowlesi in Sabah. The findings in this study can be used to better understand the emergence of drug resistance of P. knowlesi in Sabah.

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Non-Human Primate Malaria Infections: A Review on the Epidemiology in Malaysia

Cited by 8 publications

References 149 publications

Designing one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus detection during the 2022 outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

Designing one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus detection during the 2022 outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

Naturally acquired antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax among indigenous Orang Asli communities in Peninsular Malaysia

Investigation of genetic diversity of Plasmodium knowlesi kelch13-propeller region in Sabah, Malaysia

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