Non-human primate malaria parasites: out of the forest and into the laboratory

Martinelli, Axel; Culleton, Richard

doi:10.1017/s0031182016001335

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…Each schizont holds an average of 32 merozoites (10 merozoites in average for P. knowlesi [7]) that are unleashed upon the RBC lysis. The whole process can take about 36-48 h in P. falciparum, 48 h in P. vivax and can reach even 72 h in P. malariae, but in P. knowlesi the cycle is 24 h, which is one factor that leads to its high virulence in humans [8]. Cell lysis coincides with fever symptoms, a response of immune system to the liberation of hemozoin and other parasite products into the bloodstream [9].…”

Section: Terpenes and Terpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenes as Potential Antimalarial Drugs

Gabriel¹,

Sussmann²,

Kimura³

et al. 2018

Terpenes and Terpenoids

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A fact which favors the increase in morbidity and mortality of malaria cases in the world is the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents that the parasite presents. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new potential targets specific to the parasite in order to be able to perform a rational planning. One target for the evaluation of potential antimalarial compounds is isoprenoid synthesis, which occurs via the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway in Plasmodium falciparum. Several intermediaries and final products of this pathway were identified in the parasite and lead us to the conclusion that it is different from the vertebrate host. In this chapter, we describe the effect of some monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei as potential antimalarial drugs.

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Section: Terpenes and Terpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenes as Potential Antimalarial Drugs

Gabriel¹,

Sussmann²,

Kimura³

et al. 2018

Terpenes and Terpenoids

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“…Whereas, P. vivax is the most widespread species, P. falciparum is the most deadly to humans. There are several other species of malaria parasites that infect non-human primates including multiple species that infect African apes, and others that infect Asian and New World monkeys (Escalante et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2010;Boundenga et al, 2015;Martinelli and Culleton, 2018;Galinski, 2019). There are also malaria parasites of rodents such as P. berghei, P. chabaudi, and P. yoelii, often used as animal models of malaria, as well as parasites that infect birds (P. gallinaceum and P. relictum) (Duval and Ariey, 2012;Ramiro et al, 2012;Fecchio et al, 2020), lizards, bats, and ungulates (Schall, 1982;Schaer et al, 2013;Templeton et al, 2016;Galen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introduction Malaria Parasites Life Cycle and Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Malaria Parasite Interactions and Impacts on Mutual Evolution

Zhang

Joy

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Malaria is the most deadly parasitic disease, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Malaria parasites have been associated with their hosts for millions of years. During the long history of host-parasite co-evolution, both parasites and hosts have applied pressure on each other through complex host-parasite molecular interactions. Whereas the hosts activate various immune mechanisms to remove parasites during an infection, the parasites attempt to evade host immunity by diversifying their genome and switching expression of targets of the host immune system. Human intervention to control the disease such as antimalarial drugs and vaccination can greatly alter parasite population dynamics and evolution, particularly the massive applications of antimalarial drugs in recent human history. Vaccination is likely the best method to prevent the disease; however, a partially protective vaccine may have unwanted consequences that require further investigation. Studies of host-parasite interactions and co-evolution will provide important information for designing safe and effective vaccines and for preventing drug resistance. In this essay, we will discuss some interesting molecules involved in host-parasite interactions, including important parasite antigens. We also discuss subjects relevant to drug and vaccine development and some approaches for studying host-parasite interactions.

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“…Hundreds of millions of people are infected annually across tropical and subtropical regions, largely Africa, South and Central America, India, Southeast Asia, and Oceania (1)(2)(3). In addition to studies of the major species infecting humans (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi), malaria research employs models including infections of nonhuman primates (e.g., Plasmodium reichenowi [infecting chimpanzees] and Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. knowlesi [infecting Macaca fascicularis]), rodents (e.g., Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium chabaudi, and Plasmodium yoelii [infecting Mus musculus]), and birds (e.g., Plasmodium gallinaceum [infecting Gallus gallus domesticus]) (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium Genomics and Genetics: New Insights into Malaria Pathogenesis, Drug Resistance, Epidemiology, and Evolution

Lane

et al. 2019

Clin Microbiol Rev

107

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SUMMARY Protozoan Plasmodium parasites are the causative agents of malaria, a deadly disease that continues to afflict hundreds of millions of people every year. Infections with malaria parasites can be asymptomatic, with mild or severe symptoms, or fatal, depending on many factors such as parasite virulence and host immune status. Malaria can be treated with various drugs, with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) being the first-line choice. Recent advances in genetics and genomics of malaria parasites have contributed greatly to our understanding of parasite population dynamics, transmission, drug responses, and pathogenesis. However, knowledge gaps in parasite biology and host-parasite interactions still remain. Parasites resistant to multiple antimalarial drugs have emerged, while advanced clinical trials have shown partial efficacy for one available vaccine. Here we discuss genetic and genomic studies of Plasmodium biology, host-parasite interactions, population structures, mosquito infectivity, antigenic variation, and targets for treatment and immunization. Knowledge from these studies will advance our understanding of malaria pathogenesis, epidemiology, and evolution and will support work to discover and develop new medicines and vaccines.

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Non-human primate malaria parasites: out of the forest and into the laboratory

Cited by 22 publications

References 197 publications

Terpenes as Potential Antimalarial Drugs

Terpenes as Potential Antimalarial Drugs

Host-Malaria Parasite Interactions and Impacts on Mutual Evolution

Plasmodium Genomics and Genetics: New Insights into Malaria Pathogenesis, Drug Resistance, Epidemiology, and Evolution

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