Non-Aspergillusmould lung infections

Abstract

Non-Aspergillusfilamentous fungi causing invasive mould infections have increased over the last years due to the widespread use of anti-Aspergillusprophylaxis and increased complexity and survival of immunosuppressed patients. In the few studies that have reported on invasive mould infection epidemiology, Mucorales are the most frequently isolated group, followed by eitherFusariumspp. orScedosporiumspp. The overall incidence is low, but related mortality is exceedingly high. Patients with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients comprise the classical groups at risk of infection for non-Aspergillusmoulds due to profound immunosuppression and the vast use of anti-Aspergillusprophylaxis. Solid organ transplant recipients also face a high risk, especially those receiving lung transplants, due to direct exposure of the graft to mould spores with altered mechanical and immunological elimination, and intense, associated immunosuppression. Diagnosing non-Aspergillusmoulds is challenging due to unspecific symptoms and radiological findings, lack of specific biomarkers, and low sensitivity of cultures. However, the advent of molecular techniques may prove helpful. Mucormycosis, fusariosis and scedosporiosis hold some differences regarding clinical paradigmatic presentations and preferred antifungal therapy. Surgery might be an option, especially in mucormycosis. Finally, various promising strategies to restore or enhance the host immune response are under current evaluation.

Interpretable machine learning for predicting risk of invasive fungal infection in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV database

“…A study conducted in 23 ICUs across nine European countries identified C. albicans as the predominant Candida species, accounting for approximately 57%, followed by Candida glabrata (21%) and C. parapsilosis (13%) (39). Similarly, previous studies have shown that A. fumigatus is the most common cause of mold infection (92%) (5,40). However, these findings differ from the results of the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET).…”

A Lateral-Flow Device for the Rapid Detection of Scedosporium Species

“…Scedosporium species are human pathogenic moulds. They are the agents of eumycetoma [1][2][3][4][5], a chronic deep fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and are responsible for a broad spectrum of localised and life-threatening disseminated infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals [6][7][8][9][10] affecting numerous organs of the body (Figure 1A), including the bones and joints [11][12][13], the central nervous system [14][15][16][17], the eyes [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], the lungs [14,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], the sinuses [34][35][36], and other body sites [37][38][39] of cystic fibrosis patients [8,28,[40][41][42], hematopoietic stem-cell and solid organ transplant recipients…”

A Lateral-Flow Device for the Rapid Detection of Scedosporium Species

“…Scedosporium species are human pathogenic moulds. They are the agents of eumycetoma [1][2][3][4][5], a chronic deep fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and are responsible for a broad spectrum of localised and life-threatening disseminated infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals [6][7][8][9][10] affecting numerous organs of the body (Figure 1A), including the bones and joints [11][12][13], the central nervous system [14][15][16][17], the eyes [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], the lungs [14,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], the sinuses [34][35][36], and other body sites [37][38][39] of cystic fibrosis patients [8,28,[40][41][42], haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients…”