Non Infectious Causes of Abortion in Livestock Animals - A Review

Yadav, Rishipal; Yadav, Pooja; Singh, Gurpreet; Kumar, Sandeep; Dutt, Ravi; Pandey, Anand Kumar

doi:10.5455/ijlr.20201031015650

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The rate of abortion in healthy herds is usually below 2%, but sheep and goat flocks can experience higher abortion rates sometimes resulting in “storms”, which significantly affect productivity and require accurate diagnosis [ 4 ]. Some abortions in the present report may be induced by other possible abortifacient pathogens not included in our panel or by non-infectious causes, which have been reported to account for approximately 10% of events [ 43 , 44 ]. Non-infectious causes were not investigated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several factors have been documented to cause abortions in livestock, including toxic chemicals, genetic factors, metabolic and nutritional problems and physical factors. Non-infectious abortions are mostly sporadic and occur at any pregnancy stage, but causes are difficult to diagnose and in most cases remain unknown [ 43 , 44 ]. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that different bacteria, viruses and protozoa are by far the most plausible causative agents of abortions in sheep and goats [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coxiella burnetii and Co-Infections with Other Major Pathogens Causing Abortion in Small Ruminant Flocks in the Iberian Peninsula

Ramo

Benito

Quílez

et al. 2022

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium causing human Q fever and reproductive disorders in domestic ruminants. We analyzed the occurrence of C. burnetii and co-infections with six other major pathogens causing abortion in sheep (1242 cases) and goat (371 cases) flocks from Spain and Portugal. After real-time PCR detection, co-infections were established by principal component and cluster analysis that grouped cases based on the joint presence/absence of several microorganisms. C. burnetii and Chlamydia abortus were the most common abortifacient agents with approximately 75% of cases from both hosts testing positive, followed by Toxoplasma gondii, Campylobacter sp., Salmonella enterica, border disease virus and Neospora caninum. C. burnetii was significantly more common than C. abortus in goat abortions (p < 0.001). Co-infections with at least two pathogens were found in more than 66% cases of ovine abortions and 36% cases of caprine abortions testing positive for C. burnetii, mostly including mixed infections with only C. abortus. These findings indicate that both pathogens are the most significant ones to be readily prevented by vaccination in this geographical area. Biosecurity and biocontainment measures are also steadfastly recommended to prevent both the economic losses and public health risks associated with most of these abortifacient agents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii and Co-Infections with Other Major Pathogens Causing Abortion in Small Ruminant Flocks in the Iberian Peninsula

Ramo

Benito

Quílez

et al. 2022

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is estimated that between approximately 10 and 60% of abortions have a noninfectious aetiology (Yadav et al, 2021). Broadly, noninfectious causes of abortion may be classified as genetic, toxic, nutritional, hormonal and physical.…”

Section: Noninfectious Causes Of Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Bovine abortion—Incidence, risk factors and causes

Mee

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The true incidence of bovine abortion (42–260 days of gestation) is unknown because of under‐reporting. This is particularly true of the first half of gestation when most abortions occur. From research studies, it is estimated that the animal‐level incidence of abortion between day 45 and term is approximately 10%, being lower in suckler than in dairy cows. While wide variation exists in herd‐level incidence, up to 30%, it is estimated that less than 5% of farmers report high (>5%) observed abortion rates. Given these figures, veterinary practitioners and farmers tend to use investigation thresholds close to these values, ≥5 and ≥3%, respectively. Most of the risk factors for abortion are animal‐level factors (e.g. parity), but there are also herd‐level factors (e.g. enterprise type). Of the many risk factors for bovine abortion, only a small number are modifiable. While the causes of bovine abortion are often classified as noninfectious or infectious, in reality, this means diagnosis not reached (DNR) or infectious. Approximately 40% of abortions are diagnosed as infectious and the remaining 60% as DNR; DNR includes both infectious and noninfectious causes not diagnosed. Increasingly, genetic causes are being diagnosed and changes to current national genetic selection indices may be warranted. Of the infectious causes, Neospora caninum is now the most commonly diagnosed abortifacient internationally, followed by Trueperella pyogenes, BVDv and fungi. Both national eradication programmes and effective vaccination programmes can reduce the burden of some infectious abortifacients, but the control of sporadic, noninfectious and Neospora‐associated abortions remains challenging.

show abstract

“…This is the case of estrogenic compounds used as contraceptives, which may be released into the environment, interfering with the organism's reproduction (e.g., feminization, fecundity) [21] . The release of nitrates, used as fertilizers in agriculture, may induce: (i) eutrophication with the rapid growth of algae consuming O 2 and releasing CO 2 , creating an inhospitable environment for other aquatic organisms [22] ; (ii) the blue baby syndrome, leading to methemoglobinemia with cyanosis, due to the conversion of hemoglobin Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ incapable of carrying O 2 [23] ; and (iii) abortion in ruminants from cortisol release during hypoxic stress secondary to nitrate poisoning [24] . Persistent poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from industrial sources are also present in rainwater and water resources worldwide, with drinking water presenting a major pathway of exposure for populations near contaminated sites (generally neighboring manufacturing plants), possibly resulting in reduced immune responses [25,26] .…”

Section: Chemical Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A One Health perspective on water contaminants

Prata¹

2022

Water Emerg Contam Nanoplastics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One Health is a transdisciplinary approach considering human, animal, and environmental health, and is highly relevant to water management. The growing pressure of anthropogenic activities is leading to water contamination with biological, chemical, and physical contaminants. For example, pathogens may result from fecal contamination due to poor sanitation or livestock waste leachate, agrochemicals from intensive agricultural practices, sediments from soil erosion, or microplastics from a wide range of anthropogenic activities. These activities can have widespread impacts, as exemplified by nitrates leaching from agricultural fields to surface and drinking waters, which can impact human health (e.g., methemoglobinemia), animal health (e.g., abortions and hypoxia), and environmental health (e.g., eutrophication). Recommendations include an integrated One Health approach to water contamination prevention: (i) respect for sociocultural practices; (ii) improved land management; (iii) improved infrastructures for water and wastewater management; (iv) surveillance of water bodies; (v) improved agricultural practices; and (vi) prevention through environmental management systems.

show abstract

Non Infectious Causes of Abortion in Livestock Animals - A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Coxiella burnetii and Co-Infections with Other Major Pathogens Causing Abortion in Small Ruminant Flocks in the Iberian Peninsula

Coxiella burnetii and Co-Infections with Other Major Pathogens Causing Abortion in Small Ruminant Flocks in the Iberian Peninsula

Invited review: Bovine abortion—Incidence, risk factors and causes

A One Health perspective on water contaminants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About