Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Among Aboriginal North Americans

Szathmáry, Emőke J. E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.002325

Cited by 43 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Not coincidentally, Caucasians have the lowest intrinsic incidence of NIDDM (2-3%) and a lower incidence of central obesity. Central obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and NIDDM, and is very common in aboriginal populations, many of whom were still hunter-gatherers 100 years ago (Szathmary 1994;Kissebah & Hennes, 1995).…”

Section: Dietary Lipids and Evolution Of The Human Brain -Reply By Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Discussion Forum

1998

Br J Nutr

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Dietary lipids and evolution of the human brain I have been asked to comment on an interesting topic that as a nutritional biochemist I know almost nothing about. With this firm subject matter appreciation and conceptual starting point, I have read the publication by Broadhurst et al. (1988) with considerable interest. For me it was almost a new speciation event! Drs Broadhurst, Cunnane and Crawford have posed an intriguing hypothesis wherein they speculate that brain growth in early Homo occurred because of 'brain-specific' nutrition that had an enabling impact on the evolution of early man. The authors cite an association between 'precocious' cultures and the consumption of fish and shellfish. This association of the evolution of intelligent behaviours with consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids has some merit, particularly as lack of consumption of these components reduces brain size and brain function. From recent research, it is likely that n-3 fatty acids may impact on human behaviours. Perhaps these behaviours were important to other cultural aspects of the speciation event?I find it attractive to agree with the notion posed by , but would suggest that the scavenging early hominid needed something more as a single speciation event: perhaps we should look to a change in a gene locus that favoured survival between meals and during different seasonal fortunes. On a metabolic basis, I would suggest that this enabling gene could be one that favoured an efficient conservation of a reserve of extra energy for use later when the 'fishing and clamming' was poor. Perhaps these same genes also represent the evolutionary origins of our present day problems with surplus energy. ReferencesBroadhurst CL, Cunnane SC & Crawford MA (1998) Rift Valley lake fish and shellfish provided brain-specific nutrition for early Homo. British Journal of Nutrition 79, 3-21.Dietary lipids and evolution of the human brain -Reply by Broadhurst et al.

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Section: Dietary Lipids and Evolution Of The Human Brain -Reply By Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Discussion Forum

1998

Br J Nutr

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“…Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent type in aboriginal populations, is strongly correlated with obesity (Evers et al . 1989;Szathmary 1994). Hence, changing dietary patterns, toward higher fat and energy intakes, and more sedentary lifestyles, which decrease energy expenditure, increase the risk of diabetes.…”

Section: One Example: Nutritional Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Agenda for Studying Human and Ecosystem Health in the Boreal Forest

et al. 1997

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The Network of Centres of Excellence (NCE) in Sustainable Forestry Management is a new research initiative in Canada that examines management practices that protect boreal forest resources while permitting controlled economic development. A critical factor in the viability of such practices is socioeconomic and cultural acceptability in the communities of the region. Health is an essential factor in this dimension of sustainability. The NCE includes a health component that examines issues of human and ecosystem health related to boreal forest communities in western and northern Canada. These may be direct, involving direct health effects on the human body, or indirect, mediated by social mechanisms. Communities in the region are generally small, remote, limited in economic resources, and support a mixed economic development of forest products, oil and gas, and traditional aboriginal activities. The small and dispersed population and the time frame for the study do not permit application of the usual methods of broad-based community health research. Instead, emphasis is placed on four main elements with a variety of robust and sometimes qualitative methods to suit the problems. The four elements are: (1) "Population health," a conceptual model of determinants of health, as interpreted for boreal forest communities; (2) application of the population health model to anticipate and prevent human health problems associated with various scenarios of sustainable forestry management; (3) occupational health and safety issues associated with increased activity in the forest products sector; and (4) large-scale ecosystem change and human health. The NCE presents an unusual opportunity to study both the ecosystem and human health implications of an ecological intervention. Its activities may provide insight into the complex relationship between human and ecosystem health.

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The Epidemiology of Human Disease

Sattenspiel

Slonim

2012

Human Biology

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Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Among Aboriginal North Americans

Cited by 43 publications

References 68 publications

Nutrition Discussion Forum

Nutrition Discussion Forum

An Agenda for Studying Human and Ecosystem Health in the Boreal Forest

The Epidemiology of Human Disease

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