Non-invasive and high-sensitivity scanning detection of magnetic nanoparticles in animals using high-Tc scanning superconducting-quantum-interference-device biosusceptometry

Chieh, Jen Jie; Hong, Chin Yih

doi:10.1063/1.3623795

Cited by 11 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One of the most promising uses of mNPs in medicine is as an imaging contrast agent. Significant research has resulted in the development of methods such as magnetic particle imaging (MPI) [3–6], magnetic resonance imaging MRI methods such as Sweep Imaging with Fourier Transform (SWIFT) [7, 8], magnetic relaxometry (MRX) [9–17] and AC susceptibility detection [18–23]. A particularly relevant study to the present work describes the use of magnetic relaxometry and an array of SQUID sensors and drive coils to spatially localize mNPs using excitation fields in the microtesla range [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic AC susceptibility imaging (sASI) of magnetic nanoparticles

Ficko

Nadar

Diamond

2015

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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This study demonstrates a method for alternating current (AC) susceptibility imaging (ASI) of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) using low cost instrumentation. The ASI method uses AC magnetic susceptibility measurement to create tomographic images using an array of drive coils, compensation coils and fluxgate magnetometers. Using a spectroscopic approach in conjunction with ASI, a series of tomographic images can be created for each frequency measurement and is termed sASI. The advantage of sASI is that mNPs can be simultaneously characterized and imaged in a biological medium. System calibration was performed by fitting the in-phase and out-of-phase susceptibility measurements of an mNP sample with a hydrodynamic diameter of 100 nm to a Brownian relaxation model (R2 = 0.96). Samples of mNPs with core diameters of 10 and 40 nm and a sample of 100 nm hydrodynamic diameter were prepared in 0.5 ml tubes. Three mNP samples were arranged in a randomized array and then scanned using sASI with six frequencies between 425 and 925 Hz. The sASI scans showed the location and quantity of the mNP samples (R2 = 0.97). Biological compatibility of the sASI method was demonstrated by scanning mNPs that were injected into a pork sausage. The mNP response in the biological medium was found to correlate with a calibration sample (R2 = 0.97, p <0.001). These results demonstrate the concept of ASI and advantages of sASI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic AC susceptibility imaging (sASI) of magnetic nanoparticles

Ficko

Nadar

Diamond

2015

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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“…One of the most promising uses of mNPs in medicine is as an imaging contrast agent. Prior research by several groups has resulted in the development of methods such as magnetic relaxometry (MRX) [3–11] and AC susceptibility detection [12–17]. Due to the nonlinear magnetic properties of nanoparticles, an entire field has developed around the detection and imaging of harmonic fields that arise when mNPs magnetically saturate in strong applied magnetic fields [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear susceptibility magnitude imaging of magnetic nanoparticles

Ficko

Giacometti

Diamond

2015

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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This study demonstrates a method for improving the resolution of susceptibility magnitude imaging (SMI) using spatial information that arises from the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs). In this proof-of-concept study of nonlinear SMI, a pair of drive coils and several permanent magnets generate applied magnetic fields and a coil is used as a magnetic field sensor. Sinusoidal alternating current (AC) in the drive coils results in linear mNP magnetization responses at primary frequencies, and nonlinear responses at harmonic frequencies and intermodulation frequencies. The spatial information content of the nonlinear responses is evaluated by reconstructing tomographic images with sequentially increasing voxel counts using the combined linear and nonlinear data. Using the linear data alone it is not possible to accurately reconstruct more than 2 voxels with a pair of drive coils and a single sensor. However, nonlinear SMI is found to accurately reconstruct 12 voxels (R2 = 0.99, CNR = 84.9) using the same physical configuration. Several time-multiplexing methods are then explored to determine if additional spatial information can be obtained by varying the amplitude, phase and frequency of the applied magnetic fields from the two drive coils. Asynchronous phase modulation, amplitude modulation, intermodulation phase modulation, and frequency modulation all resulted in accurate reconstruction of 6 voxels (R2 > 0.9) indicating that time multiplexing is a valid approach to further increase the resolution of nonlinear SMI. The spatial information content of nonlinear mNP responses and the potential for resolution enhancement with time multiplexing demonstrate the concept and advantages of nonlinear SMI.

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“…The scanning speed was 0.5 mm/s for each step, over 15-30 mm, depending on the tumor size. Because both the peak amplitude and the width submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com of the scanning curve depend on the sample magnetism M, 13 at the same distance between the sample and the probe, a scanning area, defined by the product of the scanning interval and the summation of the intensity, was used for magnetism analysis. However, in this study, a reliable scanning area (ie, the product of the modified multiplier of the intensity larger than half the maximum intensity of the scanning curve) was used for SSB analysis, with a repeatability error smaller than 10%.…”

Section: In-vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine the magnetic characteristics of magnetic labeling, the in-vivo tests were processed using developed scanning SQUID biosusceptometry (SSB) [13][14][15] based on AC susceptibility of samples and MRI based on the distortion of the imaging field that resulted from MNPs. 11 Following standard procedures, the test mice in these in-vivo tests were anesthetized using inhalation anesthesia.…”

Section: In-vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This characteristic has recently been proven for free MNPs in animals using scanning superconducting-quantum-interferencedevice (SQUID) biosusceptometry (SSB). [13][14][15] The feasibility for detecting bound MNPs on tumors has yet to be tested. If such a procedure is effective, SSB could be used as an intraoperative instrument because SSB possesses the advantages of high sensitivity of a SQUID sensor, high examination mobility around the torso, easy and practical operation, and high safety and more cost-effectiveness of low AC-field excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of magnetic labeling on liver tumors with anti-alpha-fetoprotein-mediated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Huang¹,

Chieh²,

Horng³

et al. 2012

IJN

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For preoperative and intraoperative detection of tumor distribution, numerous multimodal contrast agents, such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with several examination indicators, are currently in development. However, complex materials, configuration, and cost are required for multimodal contrast agents, accompanied by a high possibility of toxicity and low popularity in clinics. Nevertheless, the magnetic labeling of MNPs using bioprobes should be feasible not only in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but also in intraoperative examination based on other magnetic properties. In this study, anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-mediated Fe 3 O 4 MNPs, injected into mice with liver tumors, were used to examine the characteristics of magnetic labeling. Using MRI and scanning superconducting-quantum-interference-device biosusceptometry (SSB), based on alternating current (AC) susceptibility, the magnetic labeling occurred significantly on the first day post-injection of anti-AFP magnetic fluid (MF), and then decreased over time. However, for both MF without antibodies and an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen MF, no magnetic labeling occured on the first day of their respective post-injection. The favorable agreement indicates that magnetic labeling possesses two magnetic characteristics: distortion of the imaging field and AC susceptibility. In addition, the results of the biopsy tests, anti-AFP staining, and Prussian blue staining show the same dynamics as those of magnetic methodologies and prove that bound MNPs on tumor tissue are rotatable by an AC magnetic field to express AC susceptibility. Therefore, with the simple configuration of antibody-mediated MNPs, magnetic labeling is also feasible for intraoperative examinations using SSB with high mobility and sensitivity.

show abstract

Non-invasive and high-sensitivity scanning detection of magnetic nanoparticles in animals using high-Tc scanning superconducting-quantum-interference-device biosusceptometry

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Spectroscopic AC susceptibility imaging (sASI) of magnetic nanoparticles

Spectroscopic AC susceptibility imaging (sASI) of magnetic nanoparticles

Nonlinear susceptibility magnitude imaging of magnetic nanoparticles

Characteristics of magnetic labeling on liver tumors with anti-alpha-fetoprotein-mediated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

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