Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques for gas-solid fluidized beds – A review

Errigo, Matteo; Windows-Yule, Christopher; Materazzi, Massimiliano; Werner, Dominik; Lettieri, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2023.119098

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 343 publications

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“…For image processing, the classical image segmentation method has disadvantages and limitations for images containing a binary mixture of nonspherical particles. In recent years, image processing technology and machine learning methods have been applied in particle measurement and analysis. − For example, Guo et al developed a machine learning method to measure hydrodynamic parameters of gas–solid fluidized beds using electrical capacitance tomography, and the accuracy of four different machine learning models was compared. Shao et al developed a method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) combined with digital online holographic technology to measure the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Spherical and Nonspherical Binary Particles: Mixing and Segregation in a Rotating Drum Using Machine Learning-Assisted Image Processing

Dai,

Xu,

Gao

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Rotating drum experiments on binary mixtures of plastic spheres with wood spheres, wood cylinders, plastic cylinders, and wood cubes were investigated, respectively. A high-resolution camera was employed to record the flow behaviors of the binary mixtures. A machine learning-assisted image processing method was developed to segment the particles of different shapes, and its superiority was demonstrated by comparing the results with the pixel and artificial counting methods. This method was used to analyze the images recorded from binary mixture experiments to explore the effects of rotating speed, particle shape, and density differences on mixtures' radial and axial mixing and segregation behavior. The results show that the particle shape and density difference significantly affect the resolution angle of the binary mixture containing plastic spheres. In the radial direction, the degree of mixing of the binary mixtures containing wood spheres and cubes is not sensitive to speed. The degree of mixing of the binary mixture containing cylindrical particles increases linearly with the rotating speed within a specific range. The particle shape significantly affects the radial segregation of the binary mixtures. In contrast, the rotating speed has a negligible effect on the radial segregation of binary mixtures containing wood spheres, cylinders, and cubes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Spherical and Nonspherical Binary Particles: Mixing and Segregation in a Rotating Drum Using Machine Learning-Assisted Image Processing

Dai,

Xu,

Gao

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Fluidized bed reactors exhibit fluid-like properties, rendering them sensitive to variations in temperature and pressure [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Safety is a crucial concern when operating any chemical reactor, including fluidized bed reactors utilized for polymerization processes [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Behavior and Control of Polyethylene Production in a Fluidized Bed Reactor Utilizing Population Balance Model

Ghasem

2024

IJMS

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In this study, a fluidized bed reactor for polyethylene production was employed using a dry mode approach, where the recycle stream may contain components of a nature that cannot be condensed through standard cooling. To analyze the behavior of the fluidized bed reactors during the copolymerization of ethylene with butene, a dynamic population balance model was employed. The study includes sensitivity analyses through computer simulations to examine the variations in reactor temperature, molecular weights, catalyst feed rate, and monomer/comonomer concentrations in the fluidized bed reactor. It is noteworthy that the reactor exhibits instability under normal operational conditions and is sensitive to changes in the catalyst feed rate and coolant temperature of the heat exchanger. The findings also highlight challenges such as temperature fluctuations above the polymer melting point. This underscores the importance of implementing a temperature control system to prevent issues like reactor shutdown due to elevated temperatures. Dynamic instabilities were observed under specific circumstances and were successfully controlled using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control strategies. The population balance model is essential for understanding the complexity of transient polymerization reactions. It enables researchers to simulate and optimize polymerization processes by utilizing the detailed kinetics of the reaction.

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“…This method, as opposed to the previously mentioned techniques, is based on the distinctive attributes of ultrasound, which is pertinent to our specific application. Ultrasound offers several notable advantages, including its non-destructiveness, non-intrusiveness, waste-minimization, non-hazardous nature, being pluggable, real-time property, and adaptability to challenging industrial environments [ 12 ]. In contrast to X-ray and microwave methodologies, ultrasound proves to be a secure, cost-effective alternative, and it is particularly safe with regard to the risks posed to the health of operators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Non-Invasive and Non-Intrusive Precision Thermometry in Stainless-Steel Tanks Using Ultrasound Transducers

Bouzid,

Chidami,

Lailler

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Measuring temperature inside chemical reactors is crucial to ensuring process control and safety. However, conventional methods face a number of limitations, such as the invasiveness and the restricted dynamic range. This paper presents a novel approach using ultrasound transducers to enable accurate temperature measurements. Our experiments, conducted within a temperature range of 28.8 to 83.8 °C, reveal a minimal temperature accuracy of 98.6% within the critical zone spanning between 70.5 and 75 °C, and an accuracy of over 99% outside this critical zone. The experiments focused on a homogeneous environment of distilled water within a stainless-steel tank. This approach will be extended in a future research in order to diversify the experimental media and non-uniform environments, while promising broader applications in chemical process monitoring and control.

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Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques for gas-solid fluidized beds – A review

Cited by 8 publications

References 343 publications

Measuring Spherical and Nonspherical Binary Particles: Mixing and Segregation in a Rotating Drum Using Machine Learning-Assisted Image Processing

Measuring Spherical and Nonspherical Binary Particles: Mixing and Segregation in a Rotating Drum Using Machine Learning-Assisted Image Processing

Transient Behavior and Control of Polyethylene Production in a Fluidized Bed Reactor Utilizing Population Balance Model

Innovative Non-Invasive and Non-Intrusive Precision Thermometry in Stainless-Steel Tanks Using Ultrasound Transducers

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