Non-invasive assessment of oxygenation status using the oxygen reserve index in dogs

Abstract

Background The oxygen reserve index (ORi) is a real-time, continuous index measured with multi-wavelength pulse CO-oximetry technology. It estimates mild hyperoxemia in humans, which is defined as a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) level between 100 and 200 mmHg. The objectives of this study were to assess the correlation between ORi and PaO2, as well as to determine its ability in detecting mild hyperoxemia in dogs. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled 37 anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated dogs undergoing elective procedures. Simultaneous measurements of ORi and PaO2 were collected, using a multi-wavelength pulse CO-oximeter with a probe placed on the dog’s tongue, and a blood gas analyser, respectively. A mixed-effects model was used to calculate the correlation (r2) between simultaneous measurements of ORi and PaO2. The trending ability of ORi to identify dependable and proportional changes of PaO2 was determined. The diagnostic performances of ORi to detect PaO2 ≥ 150 mmHg and ≥ 190 mmHg were estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The effects of perfusion index (PI), haemoglobin (Hb), arterial blood pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) on AUROC for PaO2 ≥ 150 mmHg were evaluated. Results A total of 101 paired measurements of ORi and PaO2 were collected. PaO2 values ranged from 74 to 258 mmHg. A strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.52, p < 0.001) was found between ORi and PaO2. The trending ability ORi was 90.7%, with 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity in detecting decreasing PaO2. An ORi value ≥ 0.53 and ≥ 0.76 indicated a PaO2 ≥ 150 and ≥ 190 mmHg, respectively, with ≥ 82% sensitivity, ≥ 77% specificity and AUROC ≥ 0.75. The AUROC of ORi was not affected by PI, Hb, pH and PaCO2. Conclusions In anaesthetised dogs, ORi may detect mild hyperoxaemia, although it does not replace blood gas analysis for measuring the arterial partial pressure of oxygen. ORi monitoring could be used to non-invasively assess oxygenation in dogs receiving supplemental oxygen, limiting excessive hyperoxia.

Infrared Thermography in Assessment of Facial Temperature of Racing Sighthound-Type Dogs in Different Environmental Conditions

“…This theory can be confirmed by the lower value measured at home, which was 26 ± 7.21 breaths/min. The RT found by Zanusso et al [23] was 36.4 ± 1.2 • C and concerned dogs of different breeds, whereas Lopedote et al [24] examined the RT in working dogs at rest right before a run, and the mean value was similar to those obtained in our own study (RT 38.3 • C/37.84 and 37.93 • C).…”

“…The resting physiological parameters in our own study indicate the dogs' normal conditions and reflect the correctness of the training before the runs. Zanusso et al [23] showed similar results of SpO2 ranges of 93-100, as well as a similar value of PR, 95 ± 29 bpm. Lopedote et al [24] obtained results higher than those shown in the manuscript.…”