Non-invasive brain stimulation in children: Applications and future directions

Rajapakse, Thilinie; Kirton, Adam

doi:10.2478/s13380-013-0116-3

Cited by 96 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Reviews on safety aspects of TMS in children suggest that harm to brain tissue from single or paired pulses is extremely unlikely (Gilbert et al, 2004; for review see Rajapakse and Kirton, 2013). Several authors have also highlighted the absence of reported adverse effects of TMS in children (Frye et al, 2008;Garvey and Mall, 2008;Quintana, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stimulation intensities of transcranial direct current stimulation have to be adjusted in children and adolescents

Moliadze

Schmanke

Andreas

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stimulation intensities of transcranial direct current stimulation have to be adjusted in children and adolescents

Moliadze

Schmanke

Andreas

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…While human exposure to fields generated by different electromagnetic sources has raised a number of questions regarding potential adverse health effects, some biomedical applications of electromagnetic fields in medical diagnostic and for therapy purposes, such as TMS, recently become of particular importance [10], [32], [33], as evidenced by modeling efforts of several investigators [9], [10], [14], [34].…”

Section: B Exposure Scenario and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Conformal Models and Methods in Dosimetry for Nonuniform Field Exposure

Poljak

Cvetković

Bottauscio

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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Abstract-Numerical artifacts affect the reliability of computational dosimetry of human exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. In the guidelines of the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, a reduction factor of 3 was considered to take into account numerical uncertainties when determining the limit values for human exposure. However, the rationale for this value is unsure. The IEEE International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety has published a research agenda to resolve numerical uncertainties in low-frequency dosimetry. For this purpose, intercomparison of results computed using different methods by different research groups is important. In previous intercomparison studies for low-frequency exposures, only a few computational methods were used, and the computational scenario was limited to a uniform magnetic field exposure. This study presents an application of various numerical techniques used: different finite-element method (FEM) schemes, method of moments, and boundary-element method (BEM) variants, and, finally, by using a hybrid FEM/BEM approach. As a computational example, the induced electric field in the brain by the coil used in transcranial magnetic stimulation is investigated. Intercomparison of the computational results is presented qualitatively. Some remarks are given for the effectiveness and limitations of application of the various computational methods.

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“…Additionally to its employment in research, TMS has been examined in therapeutic trials as a treatment tool (Rajapakse and Kirton, 2013). In order to investigate complicated facets of the human brain as cognition or motor function, TMS has been popularly used (Fregni et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation Rescued by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Application in Octodon degus

et al. 2015

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Sleep is indispensable for maintaining regular daily life activities and a fundamental physiological purpose in cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation (SD) may affect subsequent learning capacity and ability to constitute new memories, particularly in the situation of hippocampusdependent tasks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure of electromagnetic induction that generates electric currents activating nearby nerve cells in the stimulated cortical area. Several studies have begun to therapeutically use TMS. The present study was designed to evaluate how TMS could improve learning and memory functions after SD in O. degus. Thirty juvenile (aged eighteen months old) females were divided in three groups (control, acute and chronic TMS treatment -with and without SD). To immobilize TMS-treated groups, they were disposed in plastic cylindrical while the O. degus were receiving head magnetic stimulation. SD was achieved by gently handling the animals to keep them awake during the night. Behavioral tests include Radial Arm Maze (RAM), Barnes Maze (BM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR). When TMS treatment was applied during several days, there was significant improvement of cognitive performance after SD. Noteworthy, only one session of TMS is able to improve some parameters related with spatial memory. No side effects were observed. After SD, chronic TMS treatment provokes significant amelioration in learning and in both spatial and working memory. Nonetheless, an acute treatment of TMS is already sufficient to improve spatial memory. To our knowledge, in this manuscript we confirm that sleep deprivation (SD) results in cognitive impairment measured with 3 different psychological tests, and we provide the evidence that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment significantly improve cognitive performance in sleep-deprived animals. Then, after SD, TMS can improve learning, spatial memory and working memory functions.We feel that these exciting results are novel and important, and can be of interest for scientists, neurologists and physicians working on sleep pathologies.The experimental work was done in compliance with the National Research Council's Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, and the Guidelines promulgated by the European Communities Council Directive 2010/63/ECC.The data presented in the manuscript are original and the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere. None of the manuscript contents has been previously published. In the present work we do not have any conflict of financial interest.All authors have seen and approved the manuscript.Trusting you will consider our manuscript worthy of review by your Journal, Yours truly, there was significant improvement of cognitive performance after SD. María-Trinidad HerreroNoteworthy, only one session of TMS is able to improve some parameters related with spatial memory. No side effects were observed. After SD, chronic TMS treatment provokes significant amelioration in learning and in both spat...

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Non-invasive brain stimulation in children: Applications and future directions

Cited by 96 publications

References 148 publications

Stimulation intensities of transcranial direct current stimulation have to be adjusted in children and adolescents

Stimulation intensities of transcranial direct current stimulation have to be adjusted in children and adolescents

On the Use of Conformal Models and Methods in Dosimetry for Nonuniform Field Exposure

Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation Rescued by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Application in Octodon degus

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