Non-Invasive Cardiac and Respiratory Activity Assessment From Various Human Body Locations Using Bioimpedance

Abstract

Objective: Bioimpedance sensing is a powerful technique that measures the tissue impedance and captures important physiological parameters including blood flow, lung movements, muscle contractions, body fluid shifts, and other cardiovascular parameters. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the modality at different arterial (ulnar, radial, tibial, and carotid arteries) and thoracic (side-rib cage and top thoracolumbar fascia) body regions and offers insights into the effectiveness of capturing various cardiac and respiratory activities. Methods: We assess the bioimpedance performance in estimating inter-beat (IBI) and inter -breath intervals (IBrI) on six-hours of data acquired in a pilot-study from five healthy participants at rest. Results: Overall, we achieve mean errors as low as 0.003 ± 0.002 and 0.67 ± 0.28 seconds for IBI and IBrI estimations, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that bioimpedance can be effectively used to monitor cardiac and respiratory activities both at limbs and upper body and demonstrate a strong potential to be adopted by wearables that aim to provide high-fidelity physiological sensing to address precision medicine needs.

Short-Time Impedance Spectroscopy Using a Mode-Switching Nonsinusoidal Oscillator: Applicability to Biological Tissues and Continuous Measurement

“…Bioelectrical impedance analysis has become an important technique in the medical and healthcare fields [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Because the impedance of a living body (bioimpedance) depends on body composition, such as the water content of the body, it reflects medical conditions [10][11][12][13]. Thus, the absolute value and phase of bioimpedance are used to diagnose diseases, and this process is known as bioelectric impedance vector analysis [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Towards Estimating Arterial Diameter Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy: A Computational Simulation and Tissue Phantom Analysis

“…The withdrawn blood simulant was entirely injected back into the artery to allow the arterial diameter to restore to the original geometry for the next test. 3 3.83 mm 242.94 mm 3 3.75 mm 323.92 mm 3 3.67 mm 404.90 mm 3 3.59 mm 485.88 mm 3 3.51 mm 566.86 mm 3 3.42 mm 647.84 mm 3 3.34 mm 728.82 mm 3 3.25 mm 10 809.80 mm 3 3.15 mm…”

“…For instance, tonometry is a widely used automatic sphygmomanometer to measure arterial blood pressure (BP) from the radial artery [2]. It was demonstrated that the bio-impedance signal measured at radial and ulnar arterial sites showed better signal qualities compared with tibial and carotid arteries [3]. Therefore, wearable BIM on the wrist has been popular due to its capability to sense the blood volume change caused by heart pulsation [4].…”

Monitoring of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection by impedance cardiography – A multiphysics simulation study

“…Bioimpedance methods such as impedance plethysmography (IPG) and impedance cardiography (ICG) are non‐invasive, convenient and low‐cost methods widely used for several different diagnosis purposes, including vascular and cardiovascular diseases 6,7,8,9,10 . Shash et al investigated the effect of vascular diseases such as stenosis and aneurysm on the bioimpedance measurements by developing simple mathematical models 11 .…”