Non‐invasive evaluation of the conduit function and the buffering function of large arteries in man

Démolis, Pierre; Asmar, R; Lévy, Bernard; Safar, Michel E.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.1991.tb00675.x

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…When the stimulus is taken into account (using the FMD/⌬shear rate ratio as index for endothelial function), no differences between the groups were found for the superficial femoral artery, whereas the FMD/⌬shear rate ratio was significantly lower in the BA of SCI individuals compared with controls. The reproducibility of the echo Doppler measurements varied from 1 to 1.5% for resting diameters, 9 to 18% for resting and hyperemic flow velocity parameters, and 15 to 16% for the FMD measurements, which is in line with values previously reported (5,14,19). Therefore, the reproducibility found in the present study, as well as the inclusion of a control group measured with the same testing procedures, supports the robustness of our observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals

Groot¹,

Poelkens²,

Kooijman³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

106

110

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.-The aim of the study was to assess endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), in an inactive extremity (leg) and chronically active extremity (arm) within one subject. Eleven male spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals and eleven male controls (C) were included. Echo Doppler measurements were performed to measure FMD responses after 10 and 5 min of arterial occlusion of the leg (superficial femoral artery, SFA) and the arm (brachial artery, BA), respectively. A nitroglycerine spray was administered to determine the endothelium independent vasodilatation in the SFA. In the SFA, relative changes in FMD were significantly enhanced in SCI compared with C (SCI: 14.1 Ϯ 1.3%; C: 9.2 Ϯ 2.3%), whereas no differences were found in the BA (SCI: 12.5 Ϯ 2.9%; C: 14.2 Ϯ 3.3%). Because the FMD response is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus, the FMD response was also expressed relative to the shear rate. No differences between the groups were found for the FMD-to-shear rate ratio in the SFA (SCI:0.061 Ϯ 0.023%/s Ϫ1 ; C: 0.049 Ϯ 0.024%/s Ϫ1 ), whereas the FMD-to-shear rate ratio was significantly decreased in the BA of SCI individuals (SCI: 0.037 Ϯ 0.01%/s Ϫ1 ; C: 0.061 Ϯ 0.027%/s Ϫ1 ). The relative dilatory response to nitroglycerine did not differ between the groups. (SCI: 15.6 Ϯ 2.0%; C: 13.4 Ϯ 2.3%). In conclusion, our results indicate that SCI individuals have a preserved endothelial function in the inactive legs and possibly an attenuated endothelial function in the active arms compared with controls. vascular endothelial function; deconditioning; ultrasound THE ENDOTHELIUM plays an essential role in vascular homeostasis and is able to respond to physical and chemical stimuli by the synthesis and release of vasoactive, thromboregulatory, and growth factor substances (37). Impaired endothelial function has been suggested as a key early event in the development of atherosclerosis, and a high correlation between endothelial dysfunction and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and aging, has been reported (6 -8, 12, 29, 33, 47, 48). Besides the above-mentioned traditional risk factors, it is well known that physical inactivity is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (32). However, at present, the relationship between inactivity and endothelial dysfunction is not clear. In individuals with paraplegia, the part of the body below the lesion level is paralyzed and thus extremely inactive (20,39). In contrast, the upper limbs are often relatively active because the arms are used for ambulation due to their wheelchair-bound life-style (43). A spinal cord injury (SCI), therefore, offers a unique "human model of nature" to assess peripheral vascular adaptations to inactivity (legs) and activity (arms) on endothelial function within one subject.Healthy vessels are capable of accommodating to an increase in blood flow by dilating the internal vessel diameter, a phenomenon called fl...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The latter is in contrast with the high leg vascular resistance usually found in SCI individuals (5). Brachial arterial resting characteristics are in agreement with previous studies and did not differ between SCI and controls (14).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals

Groot¹,

Poelkens²,

Kooijman³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

106

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8 From the delay between the R-wave trigger of the electrocardiogram and the 10% level of the ascending limb of the distension waveform in the carotid and femoral arteries, the ultrasound system also computed the carotid-femoral transit time. 11,12 From this interval and from the distance between the sternal notch and the site of the femoral measurements, 11,12 the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was calculated as an estimate of aortic stiffness. 9 For statistical analysis, we averaged the vascular measurements over 15 cardiac cycles.…”

Section: Measurements At Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

et al. 2001

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In previous cross-sectional and longitudinal population studies, we found that the slope of systolic pressure on age was steeper in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. We hypothesised that this observation could be due to a specific effect of menopause on the elasticity of the large arteries. We investigated 315 randomly selected women, aged 30 to 70 years. Based on 5.2 years of follow-up, 166 women were premenopausal and 149 menopausal (44 reaching menopause and 105 postmenopausal). These women were matched on age and body mass index with 315 men. We used a walltracking ultrasound system to measure the diameter, compliance and distensibility of the brachial and the common carotid and femoral arteries as well as carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity. Pulse pressure was determined from 24-h blood pressure recordings. Both in menopausal women (r = 0.37; P Ͻ 0.001) and in matching male controls (r = 0.16; P = 0.04), pulse pressure widened with increasing age. The slope of the 24-h pulse pressure on age was steeper in menopausal

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“…The difference between these two distances was used as an estimate of the length of the carotidofemoral segment (L ao ). 19 The average pulse wave velocity (PWV) in this segment was calculated as PWV ¼ L ao =Tðm=sÞ ð 3Þ…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic nervous function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus and normal urinary albumin excretion

et al. 2004

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Type I diabetic patients (DM-1) with an elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE430 mg/24 h) have a high cardiovascular risk. However, DM-1 patients with normal UAE have incipient abnormalities of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, such as elevations of blood pressures, increases in arterial stiffness and deterioration of autonomic nervous function. We studied the interrelationships of these abnormalities in normoalbuminuric DM-1 patients. In 76 patients, we performed two cardiovascular reflex tests (deep in-and expiration test (IE test) and lying-to-standing test (LS test)), and determined aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), local arterial compliances of the common carotid, femoral and brachial arteries, and 24-h blood pressures. The DRRmax value of the LS test was associated with aortic PWV (negatively) and the compliance coefficients of the carotid, femoral and brachial arteries. Per 100-ms increase in DRRmax, pulse wave velocity decreased by 0.39 m/s, compliance coefficients of the carotid, femoral and brachial arteries increased by 0.06, 0.08 and 0.05 mm 2 /kPa, respectively. These associations were independent of age, 24-h mean arterial pressure and 24-h heart rate. Increases in arterial stiffness were associated with increases in 24-h systolic and pulse pressure (per 1 m/s increase in PWV, systolic and pulse pressure increased by 2.1 and 1.7 mmHg, respectively). In normoalbuminuric DM-1 patients, deterioration of autonomic nervous function is associated with an increase in arterial stiffness, which, in turn, was associated with, and may cause, increased systolic and pulse pressure. These findings suggest that preventive strategies targeting autonomic dysfunction may reduce cardiovascular morbidity in diabetes.

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Non‐invasive evaluation of the conduit function and the buffering function of large arteries in man

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals

Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

Autonomic nervous function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus and normal urinary albumin excretion

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