Non-invasive measurement of mechanical properties of arteries in health and disease

Hoeks, Arnold P.G.; Brands, Peter J.; Willigers, Jean M.; Reneman, Robert S.

doi:10.1243/0954411991534924

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ultrasonic Doppler methods can also be used to measure cardiac motion (17,31,55) and artery diameter pulsation (20) in mice, which when combined with pressure provide an index of vessel compliance (29). Doppler devices actually measure the phase of blood echoes that advance (or recede) continuously to generate the Doppler shift frequency (3).…”

Section: Doppler Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler velocity measurements from large and small arteries of mice

Hartley

Reddy

Madala

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Hartley CJ, Reddy AK, Madala S, Entman ML, Michael LH, Taffet GE. Doppler velocity measurements from large and small arteries of mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301: H269 -H278, 2011. First published May 13, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00320.2011With the growth of genetic engineering, mice have become increasingly common as models of human diseases, and this has stimulated the development of techniques to assess the murine cardiovascular system. Our group has developed nonimaging and dedicated Doppler techniques for measuring blood velocity in the large and small peripheral arteries of anesthetized mice. We translated technology originally designed for human vessels for use in smaller mouse vessels at higher heart rates by using higher ultrasonic frequencies, smaller transducers, and higher-speed signal processing. With these methods one can measure cardiac filling and ejection velocities, velocity pulse arrival times for determining pulse wave velocity, peripheral blood velocity and vessel wall motion waveforms, jet velocities for the calculation of the pressure drop across stenoses, and left main coronary velocity for the estimation of coronary flow reserve. These noninvasive methods are convenient and easy to apply, but care must be taken in interpreting measurements due to Doppler sample volume size and angle of incidence. Doppler methods have been used to characterize and evaluate numerous cardiovascular phenotypes in mice and have been particularly useful in evaluating the cardiac and vascular remodeling that occur following transverse aortic constriction. Although duplex ultrasonic echo-Doppler instruments are being applied to mice, dedicated Doppler systems are more suitable for some applications. The magnitudes and waveforms of blood velocities from both cardiac and peripheral sites are similar in mice and humans, such that much of what is learned using Doppler technology in mice may be translated back to humans. peripheral vascular flow; pulse wave velocity; coronary flow reserve; transverse aortic constriction; pressure overload hypertrophy THIS REVIEW ARTICLE is part of a collection on Assessing Cardiovascular Function in Mice: New Developments and Methods. Other articles appearing in this collection, as well as a full archive of all Review collections, can be found online at http://ajpheart.physiology.org/.The ability to alter the genotype of the mouse has produced numerous models for studying cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology and has generated a need to evaluate the changes that occur in mice during phenotypic development and maturation (8). The genetic manipulations can alter the structure, anatomy, pathology, and physiology of cells, organs, or systems in ways that can be subtle and unpredictable and that often change with time (6, 33). The major problems in adapting existing methods for use in mice relate to the small size and high heart rates that place extreme demands on both spatial and temporal resolution (10). We will focus here on noninvasive ultrasonic Doppler methods, w...

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Section: Doppler Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler velocity measurements from large and small arteries of mice

Hartley

Reddy

Madala

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…This setup enables measurements of diameter, distension, and intima-media thickness (IMT). 25,26 Briefly, after a 15-minute supine rest, the artery was visualized in B-mode. An M-line was then placed at the measurement site.…”

Section: Diameter Distension and Intima-media Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Stiffness Increases With Deteriorating Glucose Tolerance Status

Henry

Kostense²,

Spijkerman³

et al. 2003

Circulation

434

385

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Background-Type 2 diabetes (DM-2) and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. In nondiabetic individuals, increased arterial stiffness is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Associations between DM-2 and IGM and arterial stiffness have not been systematically investigated. Methods and Results-In a population-based cohort (nϭ747; 278 with normal glucose metabolism, 168 with IGM, and 301 with DM-2; mean age, 68.5 years), arterial stiffness was ultrasonically estimated by distensibility and compliance of the carotid, femoral, and brachial arteries and by the carotid elastic modulus. After adjustment for age, sex, and mean arterial pressure, DM-2 was associated with increased carotid, femoral, and brachial stiffness, whereas IGM was associated only with increased femoral and brachial stiffness. .63) for femoral compliance. The brachial artery followed a pattern similar to that of the femoral artery. Increases in stiffness indices were explained by decreases in distension, increases in pulse pressure, an increase in carotid intima-media thickness, and, for the femoral artery, a decrease in diameter. Hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia explained only 30% of the arterial changes associated with glucose tolerance. Adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors did not affect these findings. Conclusions-IGM and DM-2 are associated with increased arterial stiffness. An important part of the increased stiffness occurs before the onset of DM-2 and is explained neither by conventional cardiovascular risk factors nor by hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia.

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“…The arteries of interest, except for the aorta, are typically within a depth range of 30 mm; a high carrier frequency (typically 7-13 MHz) is used to provide detailed images of peripheral arteries, in both longitudinal and cross-sectional views (Hoeks & Brands et al 1999). Ultrasound wave reflections will only have a prominent amplitude if they originate from acoustic interfaces with a substantial change in acoustic impedance and, are oriented perpendicular (i.e., at a 90 degree angle) to the ultrasound beam direction.…”

Section: Arterial Diameter Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%