Non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation in the spinal vein using SWI: Quantitative evaluation under conditions of physiological and caffeine load

Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxygen Extraction Fraction, and Metabolic Rate in Patients with Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis or Acute Stroke

“…Consequently, OEF can be approximated as OEF ϭ 1 Ϫ Y v . 9 CBF was calculated by using the following equation 17 :…”

“…7,8 Susceptibility-weighted imaging is a type of MR susceptometry that can obtain measurements of venous oxygen saturation by using the phase difference between the venous blood and surrounding tissue. 9,10 ASL is a noninvasive technique that can measure CBF. 11,12 The gray matter CMRO 2 can be obtained from local CBF and OEF measurements.…”

Evaluating the Role of Reduced Oxygen Saturation and Vascular Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury Using Magnetic Resonance Perfusion-Weighted Imaging and Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Mapping

“…This could be measured as a change in cerebral vascular reactivity or reserve (CVR). [290][291][292][293][294][295] When cerebral blood reserve is damaged, either locally or globally in the brain, the affected vessels lose their capacity to adjust the blood flow when the physiological or pharmacological condition is altered. For example, either caffeine or acetazolamide (ie, Diamox) can be used as a means to evaluate CVR by measuring local venous oxygen saturation changes with QSM and perfusion changes with PWI or ASL.…”

Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

“…These include imaging the vessel wall (Yang et al, 2009), spine (Fujima et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011), liver (Tao et al, 2012), and kidney (Mie et al, 2010), to mention just a few. Since the early work of evaluating the effects of susceptibility on T 2 of blood as a function of oxygen saturation by Thulborn, Waterton, Matthews, and Radda (1982), current methods of QSM, extensions to susceptibility tensor mapping of Liu et al (Liu, 2010;Liu, Li, Wu, Jiang, & Johnson, 2012), and the potential of imaging structures such as bone or calcium with little or no signal by Buch, Ye, Cheng, Neelavalli, & Haacke (2013), the use of susceptibility mapping promises to address important clinical questions in the years to come.…”