Non-invasive measures of pulse wave velocity correlate with coronary arterial plaque load in humans

McLeod, Andrew L.; Uren, Neal; Wilkinson, Ian B.; Webb, David J.; Maxwell, Simon; Northridge, David B.; Newby, David E.

doi:10.1097/00004872-200402000-00021

Cited by 76 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The ba-PWV has been shown to be a marker of the risk of CAD 33 and for the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, 34 However, we did not find any statistically significant difference between the ELC and non-ELC groups for ba-PWV. Our results may be partly explained by the findings reported by Koji et al, who demonstrated that ba-PWV values were comparable between groups with and without CAD among subjects with MetS, 35 which suggests that the ELC might directly associate with significant atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary artery independent of its promoting the development of coronary atherosclerosis by increasing arterial stiffness.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Diagonal Earlobe Crease are Associated With Shorter Telomere in Male Japanese Patients With Metabolic Syndrome A Pilot Study

Higuchi

Maeda

Guan

et al. 2009

Circ J

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Background Diagonal earlobe crease (ELC) have been proposed as a marker of generalized atherosclerosis, so in the present study it was investigated whether individuals with ELC have a shortened telomere, which correlates with an accelerated cell turnover and premature aging, leading to atherosclerosis. Methods and ResultsThe mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) was determined by Southern blot hybridization in the peripheral blood cells of 34 male Japanese patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who were under 70 years of age with (n=17) and without (n=17) bilateral ELC, and assessed the relationship of ELC to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (AVD). The results showed that the TRF was shorter in the MetS patients with ELC in comparison to age-and risk-factor-matched MetS patients without ELC (7.6±1.1 kbp vs 8.6±1.2 kbp; P<0.05). ELC were present in 13 patients in the AVD group (n=18), but only 4 patients in the non-AVD group (n=16) had ELC (72.2% and 25% respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that ELC is a useful dermatological indicator of an accelerated aging process, as suggested by excessive telomere loss, and might be a useful indirect marker of high-risk patients. (Circ J 2009; 73: 274 -279)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Diagonal Earlobe Crease are Associated With Shorter Telomere in Male Japanese Patients With Metabolic Syndrome A Pilot Study

Higuchi

Maeda

Guan

et al. 2009

Circ J

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“…We found a close correlation between wave speeds in the peripheral and coronary arteries that may clarify previous observations that aortic wave speed predicts not only global cardiovascular events (3,17,19) but also disease and events entirely within the coronary tree (9,18,22).…”

Section: Relation Between Wave Speeds In Coronary Arteries and Aortasupporting

confidence: 87%

Use of simultaneous pressure and velocity measurements to estimate arterial wave speed at a single site in humans

Davies

Whinnett

Francis

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

136

127

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. Use of simultaneous pressure and velocity measurements to estimate arterial wave speed at a single site in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H878 -H885, 2006. First published August 26, 2005 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00751.2005.-It has not been possible to measure wave speed in the human coronary artery, because the vessel is too short for the conventional two-point measurement technique used in the aorta. We present a new method derived from wave intensity analysis, which allows derivation of wave speed at a single point. We apply this method in the aorta and then use it to derive wave speed in the human coronary artery for the first time. We measured simultaneous pressure and Doppler velocity with intracoronary wires at the left main stem, left anterior descending and circumflex arteries, and aorta in 14 subjects after a normal coronary arteriogram. Then, in 10 subjects, serial measurements were made along the aorta before and after intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate. Wave speed was derived by two methods in the aorta: 1) the two-site distance/time method (foot-to-foot delay of pressure waveforms) and 2) a new single-point method using simultaneous pressure and velocity measurements. Coronary wave speed was derived by the single-point method. Wave speed derived by the two methods correlated well (r ϭ 0.72, P Ͻ 0.05). Coronary wave speed correlated with aortic wave speed (r ϭ 0.72, P ϭ 0.002). After nitrate administration, coronary wave speed fell by 43%: from 16.4 m/s (95% confidence interval 12.6 -20.1) to 9.3 m/s (95% confidence interval 6.5-12.0, P Ͻ 0.001). This single-point method allows determination of wave speed in the human coronary artery. Aortic wave speed is correlated to coronary wave speed. Finally, this technique detects the prompt fall in coronary artery wave speed with isosorbide dinitrate. coronary artery hemodynamics; coronary arteries; wave intensity analysis; coronary velocity; coronary flow; interventional cardiology; pulse wave velocity METHODS HAVE NOT BEEN AVAILABLE to measure wave speed in the human coronary artery, but wave speed measured in the aorta has repeatedly been shown to predict cardiac events (3,17,19). The standard approach for measuring wave speed relies on measurement of the time taken (␦t) for a pressure wave to travel between two sites a known distance apart (␦s). The pressure curves at the two sites may be acquired simultaneously with a pair of transducers or, alternatively, with one transducer moved between two positions with subsequent gating to the R wave of the ECG. The time delay (␦t) is measured between the arrival of an identifiable point on the pressure wave, such as the "foot," and wave speed (c), calculated as follows: c ϭ ␦s/␦t. This method is commonly referred to as the "foot-to-foot" method. Early work was invasive, in that catheters were used to acquire simultaneous pressure waveforms in the aorta (7). Arterial waveforms are more commonly acquired using pressure transducers, Doppler ultrasound, or applanation tonometry at peripheral sites. With ...

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“…In this study, we performed PWV measurement using the carotid-radial method, which is associated with coronary artery plaque burden, and increases linearly with age (45,46). Using this technique allowed us to perform PWV with subjects lying supine at 158, which meant we could include patients with severe dyspnea.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Stiffness Is Independently Associated with Emphysema Severity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

McAllister¹,

Maclay²,

Mills³

et al. 2007

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

256

197

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Rationale: More patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) die of cardiovascular causes than of respiratory causes, and patients with COPD have increased morbidity and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease. Arterial stiffness independently predicts cardiovascular risk, is associated with atheromatous plaque burden, and is increased in patients with COPD compared with control subjects matched for cardiovascular risk factors. Elastin fragmentation and changes in collagen are found in the connective tissue of both emphysematous lungs and stiff arteries, but it is not known whether the severity of arterial stiffness in patients with COPD is associated with the severity of emphysema. Objectives: To identify whether the extent of arterial stiffness is associated with emphysema severity. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 157 patients with COPD. Measurements and Main Results: We measured pulse wave velocity (a validated measure of arterial stiffness), blood pressure, smoking pack-years, glucose, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein in 157 patients with COPD. We assessed emphysema using quantitative computed tomography scanning in a subgroup of 73 patients. We found that emphysema severity was associated with arterial stiffness (r 5 0.471, P , 0.001). The association was independent of smoking, age, sex, FEV 1 % predicted, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and glucose concentrations, cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein ratio, and pulse oximetry oxygen saturations. Conclusions: Emphysema severity is associated with arterial stiffness in patients with COPD. Similar pathophysiological processes may be involved in both lung and arterial tissue and further studies are now required to identify the mechanism underlying this newly described association.

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Non-invasive measures of pulse wave velocity correlate with coronary arterial plaque load in humans

Cited by 76 publications

References 36 publications

Diagonal Earlobe Crease are Associated With Shorter Telomere in Male Japanese Patients With Metabolic Syndrome A Pilot Study

Diagonal Earlobe Crease are Associated With Shorter Telomere in Male Japanese Patients With Metabolic Syndrome A Pilot Study

Use of simultaneous pressure and velocity measurements to estimate arterial wave speed at a single site in humans

Arterial Stiffness Is Independently Associated with Emphysema Severity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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