Non-invasive methods of assessing the tear film

Yokoi, Norihiko; Komuro, Aoi

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2003.09.020

Cited by 184 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[22][23][24] Correlations between these various tests and between the tests and signs and symptoms are poor in many studies. [25][26][27] For this reason, the availability of a noninvasive, quick, reliable, and comfortable test would be a significant advancement in diagnostic approaches in our practice. Techniques that gather information about the tear film by processing reflected light or images the tear film surface are desirable and representative of the ocular surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous studies revealed that the patients report of dry eye symptoms tend to be more reliable and accurate than conventional test results; in addition results of dry eye clinical tests tend to agree poorly with patientreported symtoms. [22][23][24][25][26][27] In the tear studies for acne rosacea, TBUT and Schirmer test values were found to be significantly decreased. [5][6][7][8][9] Quarterman et al also speculated that short TBUT in the patients with cutaneous rosacea might be indicators of ocular rosacea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is optical coherence tomography an effective device for evaluation of tear film meniscus in patients with acne rosacea?

Eroglu¹,

Karalezlı²,

Dursun³

2016

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the tear meniscus using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) in patients with acne rosacea and to determine the relationship between tear film break-up tests (TBUT), Schirmer test and FD-OCT values and to compare them with that of healthy controls. Methods One hundred and four patients with acne rosacea and 104 body mass index age-sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. Tear meniscus height (TMH), tear meniscus depth (TMD), and tear meniscus cross-sectional area (TMA) were measured using FD-OCT (RTVue-100); TBUT, Schirmer test and dry eye questionnaire (OSDI) were evaluated. Correlation was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results Mean TMH, TMD, TMA, TBUT, and Schirmer test values of acne rosacea patients were significantly lower than and OSDI score significantly higher than those of controls. Tear mensicus values were significantly correlated with OSDI scores, TBUT, and Schirmer test results. The intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for tear parameters ranged from 0.90 to 0.96 and interobserver ICC ranged from 0.92 to 0.94, which revealed high reproducibility for all measurements parameters both acne rosacea and control subjects. Accuracy of dry eye diagnosis by FD-OCT was 60.4% for TMH, 58.7% for TMD, and 64.8% for TMA. Conclusion Tear meniscus measurement with FD-OCT could provide acceptable specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis of dry eye in acne rosacea patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is optical coherence tomography an effective device for evaluation of tear film meniscus in patients with acne rosacea?

Eroglu¹,

Karalezlı²,

Dursun³

2016

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the present study, however, whether the Schirmer I test was conducted with anaesthesia or with saline, removal of excess fluid from the conjunctival sac (as opposed to the eyelid skin) was not employed, because of the uncertainty of the adequacy of removal and to avoid the effects of lid manipulations on tear production. 27 Instead, ten minutes were allowed to elapse between drop instillation and performance of the test, on the basis that, in the presence of spontaneous blinking, excess fluid will be drained away over this period. This strategy is supported by the study of Bandlitz et al 28 which showed that meniscus curvature, a measure of tear volume 29 was restored to normal within 5 minutes of instillation of a drop of an artificial tear solution containing hydroxypropyl-guar and glycol.…”

Section: Schirmer Test Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Connections of the Lacrimal Functional Unit

Willshire

Buckley

Bron

2017

Cornea

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2 ABSTRACTPurpose To study the contribution of each eye to the reflex tear response, after unilateral and bilateral topical anaesthesia.Method A closed eye, modified Schirmer test was performed bilaterally in 8 normal subjects, in a controlled environment chamber set to 23°C, 45% relative humidity and 0.08m/s airflow. Eye drops were instilled into each eye 10 minutes before the Schirmer test. Experiments were: a) bilateral saline (control) b) unilateral anaesthesia (ipsilateral anaesthetic; contralateral saline) and c) bilateral anaesthesia.Results There was no difference in between-eye wetting lengths in the saline control eyes (p = 0.394) or the bilaterally anaesthetised eyes (p = 0.171). Wetting length was reduced in both eyes after bilateral anaesthesia compared to saline controls (p = 0.001; p = <0.0005). After unilateral anaesthesia, wetting length was reduced in the anaesthetised eye compared to its saline control by 51.4% (p = <0.0005) and compared to its fellow, unanaesthetised eye (p = 0.005). The fellow eye value was also reduced compared to its saline control (p = 0.06).Conclusions Wetting length was reduced by topical anaesthesia, when instilled bilaterally and ipsilaterally. The latter response implies an ipsilateral, reflex sensory drive to lacrimal secretion. In the unanaesthetised fellow eye the reduction compared to its saline control was not quite significant. This implies a relative lack of central, sensory, reflex cross-innervation, although the possibility cannot entirely be ruled out. These results are relevant to the possibility of reflex lacrimal compensation from a normal, fellow eye, in cases of unilateral corneal anaesthesia.3

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“…These two ophthalmic solutions were randomly assigned to the right or left eye for each subject, and investigators remained masked and treatment of each subject's eyes remained unidentified throughout the study. The central lower TMR was measured via video-meniscometry [19][20][21]26 as an index of the total aqueous tear volume over the ocular surface. 21 In brief, an illuminated target comprising a series of horizontal stripes was projected via meniscometry onto the central lower tear meniscus, and the specular reflex image of the target was then recorded by using a digital video recorder.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Aqueous Tear Volume Changes By Meniscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The increase of aqueous tear volume by diquafosol sodium in dry-eye patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: a pilot study

Yokoi

Katô

Kinoshita

2016

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the effect of 3% diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution (DQS) on aqueous tear volume increase in dry-eye patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods In this pilot study, 17 dry-eye patients with SS (1 male and 16 females; mean age: 66.4 years) were enrolled and underwent topical instillation of two ophthalmic solutions, artificial tears (AT) in one eye and DQS in the fellow eye, in a masked manner. The central lower tear meniscus radius (TMR) curvature was measured before and at 15 min after instillation by video-meniscometry. Simultaneously, all patients self-evaluated their symptoms of wetness and stinging using a visual analog scale (VAS, in millimeters). Results Topical instillation of DQS significantly increased the TMR at 15 min (mean: 0.21 ± 0.08 (SD) mm) compared with at baseline (mean: 0.16 ± 0.07 mm) (Po0.001, paired t-test), whereas AT had no effect at baseline (mean: 0.18 ± 0.09 mm) or at 15 min (mean: 0.18 ± 0.09 mm). The visual VAS score of wetness at 15-min post-instillation increased in both groups compared with at baseline. In the DQS-treated eyes, the postinstillation change in TMR from baseline was not correlated with the baseline value of the Schirmer test, corneal staining score, or conjunctival staining score. Conclusions Topical instillation of DQS increased aqueous tear volume on the ocular surface of dry-eye patients with SS, with its action being independent of lacrimal gland function.

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Non-invasive methods of assessing the tear film

Cited by 184 publications

References 38 publications

Is optical coherence tomography an effective device for evaluation of tear film meniscus in patients with acne rosacea?

Is optical coherence tomography an effective device for evaluation of tear film meniscus in patients with acne rosacea?

Central Connections of the Lacrimal Functional Unit

The increase of aqueous tear volume by diquafosol sodium in dry-eye patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: a pilot study

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