“…The second experiment (Exp2) examined the response of the Flevo genotype to different treatments, and was carried out from February to June 2017, using a random design for replication per treatment ( n =3–12 roots). In Exp2, treatments were applied by adding chemicals to the nutrient solution without manipulation of the roots ( Royer et al , 2016 ; Bizet et al , 2017 ). Roots were subjected to either 70 mM NaCl or 160 g l −1 polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000, Merck Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany), generating osmotic potentials of –0.30 MPa and –0.37 MPa, respectively (measured with a Wescor 5500; Logan, UT, USA).…”