2000
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00786.x
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Non‐invasive recording of heart rate and ventilation rate in rainbow trout during rest and swimming. Fish go wireless!

Abstract: Resting heart rates and ventilation rates in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at 15 C are 31·8 1·8 beat min 1 and 53·1 3·7 breaths min 1 , respectively. The non-invasive recording system picked up the bioelectric potentials generated by the fish in the water and was based on an array of six silver-silver chloride electrodes covered with agar-gel, which provided a better signal-to-noise ratio than in previously described systems, and allowed the determination of heart rate and ventilation rates at different sw… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(41 citation statements)
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“…This result was unexpected since the relative contribution of stroke volume to the increase of cardiac output is usually considered to be similar to or greater than that of heart rate (Farrell & Jones, 1992). However, the important role of heart rate seen during swimming in this study is consistent with recent evidence suggesting that the contribution of heart rate may have been underestimated in earlier work in which the fish underwent invasive surgery (Thorarensen et al, 1996a;Webber et al, 1998;Altimiras & Larsen, 2000). On the other hand, the possibility for further increase in stroke volume may have been limited by the fact that cardiac output and stroke volume were already quite high before swimming [ Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…This result was unexpected since the relative contribution of stroke volume to the increase of cardiac output is usually considered to be similar to or greater than that of heart rate (Farrell & Jones, 1992). However, the important role of heart rate seen during swimming in this study is consistent with recent evidence suggesting that the contribution of heart rate may have been underestimated in earlier work in which the fish underwent invasive surgery (Thorarensen et al, 1996a;Webber et al, 1998;Altimiras & Larsen, 2000). On the other hand, the possibility for further increase in stroke volume may have been limited by the fact that cardiac output and stroke volume were already quite high before swimming [ Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…In fact, resting heart rates are similar to values reported for trout using non-invasive methods for cardioventilatory recordings indicating very low post-operative stress1920. Additionally, the surgical implantation of gastrointestinal flow probes did not significantly affect SMR as both uninstrumented and instrumented fish had similar values ranging between 55 and 70 mg h −1  kg −1 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 75%
“…Bioelectric signals from the heart propagate through water allowing the electrocardiogram (ECG) to be detected wirelessly using submerged electrodes (Altimiras & Larsen, 2000). Thus, non‐invasive f H recordings were obtained by using the stainless‐steel mesh beneath the fish as an electrode grid, with a reference grid above the fish (Johnsson et al , 2001).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%