2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.05.007
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Non-ionic surfactant vesicles mediated transcutaneous immunization against hepatitis B

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Cited by 37 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…CTB showed the ability to not only enhance the immune response against HBsAg but also extend the duration of protection through the transcutaneous immunization route [ 74 ]. Combined with results of other studies using a similar strategy [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ], there is now a compelling reason to explore the development of transcutaneous vaccines including CTB as an adjuvant.…”
Section: Ctb As a Vaccine Adjuvantmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CTB showed the ability to not only enhance the immune response against HBsAg but also extend the duration of protection through the transcutaneous immunization route [ 74 ]. Combined with results of other studies using a similar strategy [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ], there is now a compelling reason to explore the development of transcutaneous vaccines including CTB as an adjuvant.…”
Section: Ctb As a Vaccine Adjuvantmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thirdly, the non-ionic surfactants play a crucial role in improving penetration by acting as penetration enhancers. Wherein vesicle bilayers enter the SC with subsequent modification of the intercellular lipids, which increases overall membrane fluidity (50,55,58,84,104,105,(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112). Lastly, niosomes cause an alteration in the SC properties through a reduction in the trans-epidermal water loss, thus leading to an increase in SC hydration with the loosening of its closely packed cellular structure (55,104).…”
Section: Topical and Transdermal Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mechanisms for transdermal enhancement of hydrophobic drugs include (i) disruption of lipid bilayer of the stratum corneum (SC)-structural modification of stratum corneum, i.e., the densely packed lipid bilayer, helps to fill up the extracellular spaces by a disruption to enhance the permeation rate; (ii) enhancement of transdermal permeation through nano-sizing; (iii) changing drug partition into skin layers; (iv) hydrating skin and the dilation of the SC intercellular channels-niosomes cause an alteration in the barrier property of stratum corneum, which enhances sc hydration by reducing trans-epidermal water loss, leading to loosening the tightly packed structure and lyses of the membrane by lysozyme and releasing the entrapped drug into the system [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]; and (v) changing the permeation pathway of lipophilic permeants to follicular delivery [27]. The non-ionic surfactants play a crucial role as a penetration enhancer that enters into the intercellular lipids through endocytosis [28,29].…”
Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Action Of Niosomes and Proniosomes Fomentioning
confidence: 99%