Non-lethal techniques for reducing depredation

Breitenmoser, Urs; Angst, Christof; Landry, Jean-Marc; Breitenmoser‐Würsten, Christine; Linnell, John Durrus; Weber, J. L.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511614774.005

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…One major cause of concern was the lynx predation on domestic animals, but this problem could usually be alleviated through the development and implementation of preventive measures and the introduction of compensatory programmes (reviewed in Breitenmoser et al 2005). A much greater conflict is the competition of lynx with humans as hunters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and causes of death of European Roe Deer before and after Eurasian Lynx reintroduction in the Bavarian Forest National Park

Heurich

Möst²,

Schauberger³

et al. 2012

Eur J Wildl Res

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The return of the Eurasian Lynx to Central Europe has led to a number of conflicts. A primary subject of discussion involves its predation on other wildlife species. Here, we investigated the influence of lynx on its main prey, Roe Deer, in the Bavarian Forest National Park in south-eastern Germany. We compared the survival rates of deer before and after reintroduction of lynx. The analysis is based on data from 1984 to 1988 and 2005 to 2008 of 88 and 99 radio-collared Roe Deer, respectively. During the first period, 35 deer deaths were documented; during the second period, 41 deaths were documented. The causes of death in the second period were lynx 44%, road kill 15%, hunting 12%, and other causes 29%. We used the Cox model to determine the influence of covariables on the hazard rate, which made it possible to consider interactions between the variables. The resulting model includes the four main effects sex, age, presence of lynx, and severity of first winter, and the three interactions-presence of lynx:sex, age:severity of first winter, and sex:severity of first winter, which had a statistically significant influence on Roe Deer survival.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and causes of death of European Roe Deer before and after Eurasian Lynx reintroduction in the Bavarian Forest National Park

Heurich

Möst²,

Schauberger³

et al. 2012

Eur J Wildl Res

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“…There is evidence that various forms of livestock husbandry can effectively reduce livestock depredation by wild carnivores (Breitenmoser et al 2005). While modern approaches such as electric fencing and radio-activated guards appear useful in North America and Europe (Breitenmoser et al 2005), they are costly and may be inappropriate for use in less developed areas with little infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While modern approaches such as electric fencing and radio-activated guards appear useful in North America and Europe (Breitenmoser et al 2005), they are costly and may be inappropriate for use in less developed areas with little infrastructure. In contrast, Ogada et al (2003) showed that, on commercial ranches in East Africa, livestock husbandry similar to that practiced for generations by local Masai pastoralists was very effective at reducing conflict between predators and livestock farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation in Africa’s community rangelands: a case–control study

et al. 2006

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Conflict between people and wildlife is a major issue in both wildlife conservation and rural development. In African rangelands, species such as African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) may kill livestock and are therefore themselves killed by local pastoralists. Such conflict has led to the extirpation of these species from many areas, and also impacts the livelihoods of local livestock farmers. To investigate the possibilities for coexistence of people, livestock, and large predators in community rangelands, we measured the effectiveness of traditional livestock husbandry in reducing depredation by wild carnivores, using a case-control approach. Different measures were effective against different predator species but, overall, the risk of predator attack by day was lowest for small herds, accompanied by herd dogs as well as human herders, grazing in open habitat. By night, the risk of attack was lowest for herds held in enclosures ('bomas') with dense walls, pierced by few gates, where both men and domestic dogs were present. Unexpectedly, the presence of scarecrows increased the risks of attack on bomas. Our findings suggest that improvements to livestock husbandry can contribute to the conservation and recovery of large carnivores in community rangelands, although other measures such as prey conservation and control of domestic dog diseases are also likely to be necessary for some species.

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“…There is considerable experience across Europe when it concerns protecting domestic livestock from large carnivore depredation (Breitenmoser et al 2005;. A range of measures including electric fencing and intensive shepherding, both of which can also involve livestock guarding dogs, exist that can greatly reduce losses.…”

Section: Condition #1: No Satisfactory Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, there are a range of measures that can be adopted to protect crops and forests from herbivores and livestock from large carnivore attacks (Breitenmoser et al 2005;, and many forms of structured dialogue exist to defuse social conflicts (Maser and Polio 2012;Reed 2008). Although these non-lethal methods may sometimes be challenging to implement they are usually not very controversial per se.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When is it acceptable to kill a strictly protected carnivore? Exploring the legal constraints on wildlife management within Europe’s Bern Convention

Linnell¹,

Trouwborst²,

Fleurke³

2017

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As wolf populations expand across Europe, many countries face challenges in finding ways to address the concerns of some elements among the rural stakeholders who are being asked to share their landscapes with wolves for the first time in several generations. In these recovery landscapes, wolves are associated with a wide range of conflicts that include economic, psychological, perceptional, social, cultural and political dimensions. A recurring demand concerns the desire to introduce the use of carefully regulated lethal control of wolves, through either culling by state employees or hunting conducted by rural hunters. Introducing such measures can be very controversial, and many critics challenge their legality under the international wildlife conservation instruments that have nurtured wolf recovery. We evaluate this issue for the case of wolves in Norway, which are strictly protected under the Bern Convention. Drawing on the latest results of social science research, we present the multiple lines of argumentation that are often used to justify killing wolves and relate these to the criteria for exceptions that exist under the Bern Convention. We conclude that while the Convention provides apparent scope for allowing the killing of wolves as a means to address conflicts, this must be clearly justified and proportional to the conservation status of wolves so as to not endanger their recovery.

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Non-lethal techniques for reducing depredation

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Survival and causes of death of European Roe Deer before and after Eurasian Lynx reintroduction in the Bavarian Forest National Park

Survival and causes of death of European Roe Deer before and after Eurasian Lynx reintroduction in the Bavarian Forest National Park

Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation in Africa’s community rangelands: a case–control study

When is it acceptable to kill a strictly protected carnivore? Exploring the legal constraints on wildlife management within Europe’s Bern Convention

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