“…The optimal placement of FACTS devices is a common yet important research topic in literature and has been investigated via various approaches. These include (1) conventional methods (such as indexing [11], controlling [12], residue analysis [13], numerical optimization [14], sensitivity [15], and eigenvalue [16]), (2) optimization methods (such as optimal power flow [17], linear programming [18], dynamic programming [19], mixed integer programming [20], stochastic load flow [21], and adaptive control law [22]), (3) artificial intelligence techniques (such as Monte Carlo simulation [23], artificial bee colony [24], artificial neural network [25], symbiotic organism search algorithm [26], fuzzy systems [27], and particle swarm optimization [28]), (4) hybrid techniques (such as hybrid of bee colony and neural networks [29], hybrid of genetic algorithm and fuzzy systems [30], mixed optimal power flow and particle swarm optimization [31], mixed bee colony and optimal power flow [32], and hybrid of fuzzy systems and Lyapunov theory [33]), and (5) other approaches (such as energy approach [34], active control [35], graph search algorithms [36], whale optimization [37], Gray Wolf optimizer [38], salp swarm optimizer [39], Grasshooper optimization [40], ant lion optimization [41], and spider monkey optimization [42]).…”