Non-marine algae of Australia:1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria)

Skinner, Stephen L.; Entwisle, Timothy J.

doi:10.7751/telopea20024003

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Apparently, they were produced by fast serial binary fission under favorable conditions. A. caldariorum -like morhotype was found on wet rocks in waterfalls, which corresponded well to the original description of this species from botanical gardens in Prague and wet rocks in Bohemia [32], and also to other reports of this species from numerous similar localities worldwide [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53]. The similarity of the morphotype to A. caldariorum was further confirmed through microscopic examination of the well-preserved botanical type specimen of A. caldariorum var.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism

et al. 2013

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Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, which are significant in biogeochemical cycles. The most primitive among living cyanobacteria, Gloeobacter violaceus, shows a unique ancestral cell organization with a complete absence of inner membranes (thylakoids) and an uncommon structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. Numerous phylogenetic papers proved its basal position among all of the organisms and organelles capable of plant-like photosynthesis (i.e., cyanobacteria, chloroplasts of algae and plants). Hence, G. violaceus has become one of the key species in evolutionary study of photosynthetic life. It also numbers among the most widely used organisms in experimental photosynthesis research. Except for a few related culture isolates, there has been little data on the actual biology of Gloeobacter, being relegated to an “evolutionary curiosity” with an enigmatic identity. Here we show that members of the genus Gloeobacter probably are common rock-dwelling cyanobacteria. On the basis of morphological, ultrastructural, pigment, and phylogenetic comparisons of available Gloeobacter strains, as well as on the basis of three new independent isolates and historical type specimen, we have produced strong evidence as to the close relationship of Gloeobacter to a long known rock-dwelling cyanobacterial morphospecies Aphanothece caldariorum. Our results bring new clues to solving the 40 year old puzzle of the true biological identity of Gloeobacter violaceus, a model organism with a high value in several biological disciplines. A probable broader distribution of Gloeobacter in common wet-rock habitats worldwide is suggested by our data, and its ecological meaning is discussed taking into consideration the background of cyanobacterial evolution. We provide observations of previously unknown genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which we expect to be utilized by experimental and evolutionary researchers worldwide.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism

et al. 2013

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“…Identification was performed to a species level (wherever possible) in the laboratory using the following taxonomic references: Anagnostidis and Komarek (2005), Komárek and Anagnostidis (2005), Sant' Anna et al (2011), andSkinner andEntwisle (2002). It was often necessary to record the closest named species as attributes varied somewhatto temperate climate and aquatic specimens described in the literature.…”

Section: Microscopy Of Biocrust Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation

Williams¹,

Chilton²,

Schneemilch³

et al. 2019

Biogeosciences

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Restoration of soils post-mining requires key solutions to complex issues through which the disturbance of topsoil incorporating soil microbial communities can result in a modification to ecosystem function. This research was in collaboration with Iluka Resources at the Jacinth-Ambrosia (J-A) mineral sand mine located in a semi-arid chenopod shrubland in southern Australia. At J-A, assemblages of microorganisms and microflora inhabit at least half of the soil surfaces and are collectively known as biocrusts. This research encompassed a polyphasic approach to soil microbial community profiling focused on "biobanking" viable cyanobacteria in topsoil stockpiles to facilitate rehabilitation. We found that cyanobacterial communities were compositionally diverse topsoil microbiomes. There was no significant difference in cyanobacterial community structure across soil types. As hypothesised, cyanobacteria were central to soil microprocesses, strongly supported by species richness and diversity. Cyanobacteria were a significant component of all three successional stages with 21 species identified from 10 sites. Known nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Symploca, Scytonema, Porphyrosiphon, Brasilonema, Nostoc, and Gloeocapsa comprised more than 50 % of the species richness at each site and 61 % of the total community richness. In the first study of its kind, we have described the response of cyanobacteria to topsoil stockpiling at various depths and ages. Cyanobacteria are moderately resilient to stockpiling at depth and over time, with average species richness greatest in the top 10 cm of the stockpiles of all ages and more viable within the first 6 weeks, indicating poten-tial for biocrust re-establishment. In general, the resilience of cyanobacteria to burial in topsoil stockpiles in both the short and long term was significant; however, in an arid environment recolonisation and community diversity could be impeded by drought. Biocrust re-establishment during mine rehabilitation relies on the role of cyanobacteria as a means of early soil stabilisation. At J-A mine operations do not threaten the survival of any of the organisms we studied. Increased cyanobacterial biomass is likely to be a good indicator and reliable metric for the re-establishment of soil microprocesses.

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“…Identification was performed to a species level (wherever possible) in the laboratory using the following taxonomic references: Anagnostidis andKomarek, (2005, 2005); Sant'Anna et al, (2011); Skinner and Entwisle, (2002). It was often necessary to 15 record the closest named species as attributes varied somewhat to temperate climate and aquatic specimens described in literature.…”

Section: Cyanobacterial Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biobanking Cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation

Williams¹,

Schneemilch²,

Chilton³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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10Mining rehabilitation requires key solutions to complex issues relating to ecosystem function. In arid landscapes, the removal or disturbance of topsoil incorporating soil microbial communities can result in a shift in ecosystem function. Soil surfaces in arid regions are protected by biocrusts that regulate soil moisture, sequester carbon and fix significant quantities of atmospheric nitrogen. Cyanobacteria often dominate these bioactive surfaces and work as ecosystem engineers in that they are in sufficiently large quantities they initiate biocrust establishment and facilitate soil surface stabilisation. Cyanobacterial 15 exopolymeric secretions form cohesive and protective layers at the soil surface that minimise wind erosion. This research encompassed soil microbial community profiling (using a polyphasic approach) with a focus on 'biobanking' topsoil for rehabilitation purposes. The research was in collaboration with Iluka Resources at Jacinth-Ambrosia (J-A) mineral sand mine located in a semi-arid chenopod shrubland in southern Australia. At J-A diverse biocrusts included a significant representation of cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses that inhabited nearly half of all soil surfaces. Cyanobacterial community structure at J-A 20 was comprised of a variety of species having a range of attributes that contributed to their resilience and survival in an arid environment. Stockpiling from shallow scrapings and storage at low profiles appeared beneficial in microbial biobanking cyanobacterial inoculum that would facilitate recovery over time. These studies have provided information for the establishment of a monitoring program that assesses the re-establishment of biocrusts following mining. Following soil stockpiling that occurred during the mining process, cyanobacterial taxa recovered at different rates. Cyanobacterial strategies 25 central to survival include exopolymeric production, spectral adaptation, nitrogen fixation and motility. Biocrust reestablishment during mining rehabilitation relies on the role of cyanobacteria as a means of early soil stabilisation. Provided there is adequate cyanobacterial inoculum in the topsoil stockpiles their growth and the subsequent crust formation should take place largely unassisted. Ongoing monitoring of biocrust recovery is important as it provides an effective means of measuring important soil restoration processes. 30Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Non-marine algae of Australia:1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria)

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism

The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism

Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation

Microbial Biobanking Cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation

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