We introduce the concept of fidelity for dynamical maps in an open quantum
system scenario. We derive an inequality linking this quantity to the
distinguishability of the inducing environmental states. Our inequality imposes
constraints on the allowed set of dynamical maps arising from the microscopic
description of system plus environment. Remarkably, the inequality involves
only the states of the environment and the dynamical map of the open system
and, therefore, does not rely on the knowledge of either the microscopic
interaction Hamiltonian or the environmental Hamiltonian characteristic
parameters. We demonstrate the power of our result by applying it to two
different scenarios: quantum programming and quantum probing. In the first case
we use it to derive bounds on the dimension of the processor for approximate
programming of unitaries. In the second case we present an intriguing
proof-of-principle demonstration of the ability to extract information on the
environment via a quantum probe without any a priori assumption on the form of
the system-environment coupling Hamiltonian.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Final ver 2: A substancial amount of new
material including 1 new figure was adde