Non-medical cannabis in North America: an overview of regulatory approaches

Locations of licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers in California: A threat to health equity?

“…This could include effort from state investigators, state funding, and sharing of best practices from localities that have successfully blocked unlicensed facilities. However, the experiences of other states demonstrate that establishing an adequately regulated legal cannabis infrastructure can take several years ( Lancione et al, 2019 , Dilley et al, 2017 ). HYPERLINK "SPS:refid::bib1_bib6"…”

“…Cannabis is currently legal for adult use (also known as recreational use) in 11 US states, the District of Columbia, Canada, and several other countries, and retailer licensing laws vary widely ( Lancione et al, 2019 ). California legalized cannabis for medicinal use in 1996 and for adult use in 2016 ( Jones, 1996 , Padilla, 2016 ).…”

Toward a “Post-Legalization” Criminology for Cannabis: A Brief Review and Suggested Agenda for Research Priorities

“…This partial failure in the transition to legal cannabis sources for personal supply may reflect a number of factors including: restricted availability and access (e.g. limited locations, opening hours) of legal sources (Fischer, 2017; Kilmer & Pacula, 2017; Lancione et al, 2020; Pardal et al, 2019; Reed et al, 2020) and age restrictions (21 in all US, mostly 19 in Canadian jurisdictions), higher prices in the legal sector and restrictions on the products legally available. Uruguay in particular has tight restrictions both on the potency of legally retailed cannabis and on the modes of access (Queirolo, 2020); for example users must register to use only one of the three modes of access (home grow; joining a growers club or purchasing from a pharmacy).…”

“…for personal use, in Canada, for example, are subject to possible charges under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (Fischer, Bullen, Elder, & Fidalgo, 2020). In addition, legalization frameworks have established several new offenses concerning cannabis possession- and use-related restrictions, and related quantity limits or social sharing, depending on the jurisdiction (Caulkins & Kilborn, 2019; Decorte et al, 2020; Johnson et al, 2018; Lancione et al, 2020; Smart & Kleiman, 2019; Watson & Erickson, 2019). For example, both Canada’s 2018 “Cannabis Act” as the legal basis for legalization and New Zealand’s proposed “Cannabis Legalisation and Regulation Bill” provide for punitive (some criminal) sanctions and enforcement for those in possession of cannabis above defined personal limits and those sharing with minors/under-age individuals and under-age use (Fischer, Bullen, Elder, & Fidalgo, 2020; Fischer & Daldegan-Bueno, 2020; Government of Canada, 2019).…”

Conduite avec facultés affaiblies après la légalisation du cannabis à usage récréatif

“…Les patients pourraient ignorer que la consommation dans un véhicule, même à l'arrêt, est interdite, et que tout produit de cannabis présent dans un véhicule doit être hors de la portée du conducteur (p. ex., dans le coffre arrière) 32 . Les lignes directrices nationales et les lois provinciales enjoignent les médecins d'informer leurs patients que s'ils veulent prendre le volant après avoir consommé du cannabis, sous quelque forme que ce soit (y compris les cannabinoïdes synthétiques), ils pourraient encore présenter des taux excédant les limites de THC autorisées 6 heures après la consommation (particulièrement au Québec et en Saskatchewan, qui ont des politiques de tolérance zéro à l'égard du THC) 17,33,34 et de leur rappeler les amendes prévues pour tout dépassement des limites fixées (indépendamment du degré d'affaiblissement des facultés) 35 .…”