Non-medical use of prescription drugs by young men: impact of potentially traumatic events and of social-environmental stressors

Rougemont-Bücking, Ansgar; Grazioli, Véronique S.; Marmet, Simon; Daeppen, Jean‐Bernard; Lemoine, Mélissa; Gmel, Gerhard; Studer, Joseph

doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1468706

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It is possible that some other factor is influencing this association, such as a predisposition to substance use, stress, or a certain personality, or even some combination of all of them. Having witnessed significant violence, suffering post-traumatic stress disorders, or having previous delinquent behaviors, having problems with family and friends, or having recent social environmental stressors have been related to NMUPD in university students by other authors, but further studies are necessary to support these hypotheses [48,49]. Nevertheless, delaying the age of drinking onset as a protective factor, has been previously referred in scientific literature [41,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Drinking and Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among University Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up

Miramontes

Moure-Rodríguez

Díaz-Geada

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Purpose: Investigations suggest non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is associated with heavy drinking and polydrug use among university students. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of NMUPD among university students and to analyze its association with alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, and to study the role of the age of drinking onset. Methods: Cohort study among university Spanish students (n = 1382). Heavy drinking (HED) and risky consumption (RC) were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Questions related to tobacco and cannabis consumption were also formulated. NMUPD refers to sedative, anxiety, or pain medication intake within the last 15 days without medical prescription. All variables were measured at 18, 20, and 27 years. Multilevel logistic regression for repeated measures was used to obtain adjusted OR (odds ratios). We analyzed the results from a gender perspective. Results: Prevalence of NMUPD were higher in students who already partook in NMUPD at the beginning of the study. NMUPD in women at 27 is 3 times higher than at 18, while in men it is twice. Among females, RC (OR = 1.43) and cannabis consumption (OR = 1.33) are risk factors for NMUPD, while later onset of alcohol use (OR = 0.66) constitutes a protective factor. No significant differences were found for males. Conclusions: NMUPD is prevalent among university students. RC and early onset of alcohol use were associated with higher prevalence of NMUPD in females. The prevalence of NMUPD increased with age in both sexes. Strategies for reducing risky drinking and delaying onset of drinking should be provided for university students. Pharmacists and parents should be alerted to the risk of NMUPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Drinking and Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among University Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up

Miramontes

Moure-Rodríguez

Díaz-Geada

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Our results support previous work highlighting sexual harassment as a risk factor for alcohol use among females but not males (Freels et al., 2005). As for males, previous studies on the influence of sexual assault on subsequent drug use outcomes have had mixed results (Rougemont‐Bucking et al., 2017, 2018), an area in need of further investigation. Nonetheless, our findings support further strengthening programs targeting violence and harassment in the college environments, especially given the current #MeToo climate, as doing so may also reduce illicit drug use initiation for both young males and females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sex‐specific risk profiles for substance use among college students

et al. 2020

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Introduction Growing evidence indicates sex and gender differences exist in substance use. Framed by a lifecourse perspective, we explored prospectively by sex the effects of distal and proximal factors on the initiation of drug use in college. Methods College students without prior drug use (n = 5,120 females; n = 2,951 males) were followed longitudinally across 4 years. Analyses were estimated as a multigroup survival analysis separately by sex within a latent variable SEM framework with illicit drug use (6 or more times in past year) as the latent factor. Results More males initiated drug use (8.5%) than females (6.4%, χ2 (1) = 10.351, p = .001), but less so for Black males (AOR 0.33, 95% CI [0.18, 0.60]) and females (0.35 [0.23, 0.54]). Students initiating drug use more likely included students smoking cigarettes at baseline (males 1.40 [1.23, 1.59]; females 1.43 [1.24, 1.64]), using alcohol (males 1.04 [1.02, 1.06]; females 1.04 [1.02, 1.06]), or having cannabis using peers (males 1.79 [1.52, 2.11]; females 1.70 [1.49, 1.93]). Impulsivity domain associations differed by sex [negative urgency: females (1.23 [1.02, 1.49) and sensation seeking: males (1.33 [1.01, 1.75])]. History of unwanted/uncomfortable sexual experience predicted drug use for males (1.60 [1.09, 2.35]) and females (1.95 [1.45, 2.62]) but physical assault only for females (1.45 [1.08, 1.94]). Mood symptoms predicted drug use only for males [depression (0.73 [0.56, 0.95]); anxiety (1.40 [1.04, 1.89])]. Conclusions Risk factors for initiating drug use during college differ by sex. As substance use during early age predisposes one for addiction, sex‐ and gender‐informed interventions for young adults are needed.

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“… 9 This work indicates that the initiation of abuse often follows discrete traumatic events. 10 Therefore, the inefficiency of prescription medication as a coping mechanism may be attributed to these higher suicidal rates. A prominent correlation between lower median household income state quartile (MHIQ) and increased stimulant abuse (MHIQ = 1.2%) exists ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Suicide Attempt with Stimulant Abuse in California Emergency Departments in 2011: A Study of 10 Million ED Visits

Lotfipour

Shah

Patel

et al. 2022

WestJEM

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Introduction: Our goal in this study was to identify stimulant abuser patients who are at specifically high risk of suicide attempt (SAT), in order to prioritize them in preventive and risk mitigation programs. Methods: We used the California State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) to obtain discharge information for 2011. The SEDD contains discharge information on all outpatient ED encounters, including uninsured patients and those covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. We identified SAT and stimulant abuse by using the relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Results: The study included 10,124,598 outpatient ED visits. Stimulant abuse was observed in 0.97% of ED visits. Stimulant abuse was more common among young and middle-aged males and people with low median household income. Moreover, it was more common among Native American (1.8%) and Black (1.8%), followed by non-Hispanic White (1.1%) patients. The prevalence of SAT was 2.0% (N = 2000) for ED visits by patients with a history of stimulant abuse, and 0.3% (N = 28,606) for ED visits without a history of stimulant abuse (odds ratio 7.29, 95% confidence interval, 6.97-7.64). The SATs were directly associated with stimulant abuse, younger age (age groups >10), and non-Hispanic White and Native American race. Association of SAT with stimulant abuse was stronger in female patients. Conclusion: Stimulant abuse was the only modifiable risk factor for suicide attempt in our study. Reaching out to populations with higher prevalence of stimulant abuse (young and middle-aged individuals who are Native American or Black, with lower household income) to control the stimulant abuse problem, may reduce the risk of SAT. In this regard, people who are at higher risk of SAT due to non-modifiable risk factors (younger age, and Native American or White race) should be prioritized. Moreover, controlling stimulant abuse among women may be specifically effective in SAT prevention.

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Non-medical use of prescription drugs by young men: impact of potentially traumatic events and of social-environmental stressors

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Heavy Drinking and Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among University Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up

Heavy Drinking and Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among University Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up

Sex‐specific risk profiles for substance use among college students

Association of Suicide Attempt with Stimulant Abuse in California Emergency Departments in 2011: A Study of 10 Million ED Visits

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