Non‐Metallic NH₄⁺/H⁺ Co‐Storage in Organic Superstructures for Ultra‐Fast and Long‐Life Zinc‐Organic Batteries

Abstract

Compared with Zn2+ storage, non‐metallic charge carrier with small hydrated size and light weight shows fast dehydration and diffusion kinetics for Zn‐organic batteries. Here we first report NH4+/H+ co‐storage in self‐assembled organic superstructures (OSs) by intermolecular interactions of p‐benzoquinone (BQ) and 2, 6‐diaminoanthraquinone (DQ) polymer through H‐bonding and π–π stacking. BQ‐DQ OSs exhibit exposed quadruple‐active carbonyl motifs and super electron delocalization routes, which are redox‐exclusively coupled with high‐kinetics NH4+/H+ but exclude sluggish and rigid Zn2+ ions. A unique 4e− NH4+/H+ co‐coordination mechanism is unravelled, giving BQ‐DQ cathode high capacity (299 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), large‐current tolerance (100 A g−1) and ultralong life (50,000 cycles). This strategy further boosts the capacity to 358 mAh g−1 by modulating redox‐active building units, giving new insights into ultra‐fast and stable NH4+/H+ storage in organic materials for better Zn batteries.

Prompt Thermal Transfer Across the sp3–sp2 Interfaces for the Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Aqueous Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

“…Moreover, the presence of the (111) characteristic peak of ND in NDs-rGO confirms the successful incorporation of ND, achieving a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 carbon. It is well known that the N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms can provide accurate specific surface area and pore size distribution. − As shown in Figure S2a, NDs-rGO exhibits an IUPAC type IV pattern, indicative of the existence of mesopores, which can be further confirmed by the pore size distribution curve shown in Figure S2b. The specific surface area of NDs-rGO was calculated to be 125.6 m 2 g –1 .…”

GO Regulated Hydrogel Electrolytes with Superior Conducing and Antiswelling Ability for Flexible Supercapacitors

“…Supercapacitors based on the hydrogels were fabricated by sandwiching the hydrogels between δ-MnO 2 @CC electrodes. The preparation of δ-MnO 2 @CC electrodes and the Supplementary Experimental Section were listed in Supporting Information. − …”

A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes

“…As aqueous electrolytes, acids (H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 ), neutral salts (Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 ), or bases (NaOH, KOH) are also used. When choosing aqueous electrolytes, hydrated ion size (as nonmetallic ions show less hydrated size than metallics), their mobility, dendrite formation, and corrosive power (toward metal) are considered. − In a report, neutral electrolytes like Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , and Li 2 SO 4 with MnO 2 nanorods were studied, where C sp was 53.7 F g –1 , P sp was 2 kW kg –1 , E sp 17 Wh kg –1 and CE was ∼100% for asymmetric AC/K 2 SO 4 /MnO 2 SC. It even shows good cycling ability with not more than 6% loss of C sp over 23000 cycles (Figure ).…”