Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning:
identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment

Koss, A.; Sekimoto, Kanako; Gilman, J. B.; Selimovic, Vanessa; Coggon, Matthew M.; Zarzana, Kyle J.; Yuan, Bin; Lerner, B. M.; Brown, Steven S.; Jimenez, José L.; Krechmer, Jordan E.; Roberts, J. M.; Warneke, C.; Yokelson, Robert J.; Gouw, J. A. de

doi:10.5194/acp-2017-924

Cited by 47 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…27 HNCO emission ratios can vary from 0.80 AE 0.57 mmol per mole of CO for fuels commonly found in southwestern USA 28 to 4.6 mmol mol À1 of CO for fuels commonly found in northern USA. 81 Similar results with emission ratios reaching 0.76 mmol mol À1 of CO for fuels common to the southwestern USA burned in laboratory studies. 21 Further, emissions from 30 laboratory biomass burning res during the 2016 Fire Inuence on Regional Global Environment Experiment (FIREX 2016) were found to contain on average 1% HNCO, in terms of total ion count measured by HR-TOF-CIMS using iodide reagent ion.…”

Section: Biomass Burningsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…However, based on recent biomass combustion studies, we now know that the scaling factor of 0.3 is likely low for many fuels. 81,83 The authors identied biofuel combustion as the major anthropogenic source of HNCO within their model. 95 The result of this scaling exercise generated global HNCO emissions of 1490 Gg per year.…”

Section: Chemical Transport Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review

Leslie

Ridoli

Murphy

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: Biomass Burningsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Chemical Transport Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review

Leslie

Ridoli

Murphy

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…4,5,21−23 Emissions inventories from these experiments indicate that the compounds emitted and their relative concentrations depend on the fuel type (e.g., pine vs grass), combustion process (e.g., smoldering or flaming), ignition procedure (e.g., fast or slow), and pyrolysis temperature (e.g., high or low). 4,21,24,25 Generally, primary BBVOC emissions include oxygenated hydrocarbons and aromatics (e.g., phenols) as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons, biogenic and heteroaromatic species. 4,5,21 Many such compounds are very reactive toward NO 3 26−33 and may significantly limit its lifetime, promote secondary organic aerosol formation (SOA), 34,35 and alter nighttime oxidative budgets.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BBVOC emissions from Hatch et al 5,21 were measured during FLAME-4 using the following instruments: two-dimensional gas chromatography−time-of-flight mass spectrometry, open-path Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 22 whole-air sampling with one-dimensional gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, and PTR time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF). 52 BBVOC emissions from Koss et al 4 were measured by PTR-ToF during FIREX. Details regarding how the two inventories were merged are included in the SI.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime Chemical Transformation in Biomass Burning Plumes: A Box Model Analysis Initialized with Aircraft Observations

Decker

Zarzana

Coggon

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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136

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Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of reactive compounds in the atmosphere. While the daytime photochemistry of BB emissions has been studied in some detail, there has been little focus on nighttime reactions despite the potential for substantial oxidative and heterogeneous chemistry. Here, we present the first analysis of nighttime aircraft intercepts of agricultural BB plumes using observations from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 2013 Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign. We use these observations in conjunction with detailed chemical box modeling to investigate the formation and fate of oxidants (NO 3 , N 2 O 5 , O 3 , and OH) and BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs), using emissions representative of agricultural burns (rice straw) and western wildfires (ponderosa pine). Field observations suggest NO 3 production was approximately 1 ppbv hr −1 , while NO 3 and N 2 O 5 were at or below 3 pptv, indicating rapid NO 3 /N 2 O 5 reactivity. Model analysis shows that >99% of NO 3 / N 2 O 5 loss is due to BBVOC + NO 3 reactions rather than aerosol uptake of N 2 O 5. Nighttime BBVOC oxidation for rice straw and ponderosa pine fires is dominated by NO 3 (72, 53%, respectively) but O 3 oxidation is significant (25, 43%), leading to roughly 55% overnight depletion of the most reactive BBVOCs and NO 2 .

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“…Figure 7a shows the co-measured N r and NO concentrations (ppmv). The majority of the N r system's response is due to the sum of gas-phase N r constituents that were measured by a FTIR spectrometer , an H 3 O + chemical ionization mass spectrometer (Koss et al, 2018), and a broadband cavity-enhanced extinction spectrometer (Min et al, 2016) (Fig. 7b).…”

Section: N R Measurements Of Biomass Burning Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a catalyst-based conversion technique to measure total particulate nitrogen and organic carbon and comparison to a particle mass measurement instrument

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The chemical composition of aerosol particles is a key aspect in determining their impact on the environment. For example, nitrogen-containing particles impact atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and ecological N deposition. Instruments that measure total reactive nitrogen (Nr = all nitrogen compounds except for N2 and N2O) focus on gas-phase nitrogen and very few studies directly discuss the instrument capacity to measure the mass of Nr-containing particles. Here, we investigate the mass quantification of particle-bound nitrogen using a custom Nr system that involves total conversion to nitric oxide (NO) across platinum and molybdenum catalysts followed by NO−O3 chemiluminescence detection. We evaluate the particle conversion of the Nr instrument by comparing to mass-derived concentrations of size-selected and counted ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4) particles determined using instruments that measure particle number and size. These measurements demonstrate Nr-particle conversion across the Nr catalysts that is independent of particle size with 98 ± 10 % efficiency for 100–600 nm particle diameters. We also show efficient conversion of particle-phase organic carbon species to CO2 across the instrument's platinum catalyst followed by a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 detector. However, the application of this method to the atmosphere presents a challenge due to the small signal above background at high ambient levels of common gas-phase carbon compounds (e.g., CO2). We show the Nr system is an accurate particle mass measurement method and demonstrate its ability to calibrate particle mass measurement instrumentation using single-component, laboratory-generated, Nr-containing particles below 2.5 µm in size. In addition we show agreement with mass measurements of an independently calibrated online particle-into-liquid sampler directly coupled to the electrospray ionization source of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (PILS–ESI/MS) sampling in the negative-ion mode. We obtain excellent correlations (R2 = 0.99) of particle mass measured as Nr with PILS–ESI/MS measurements converted to the corresponding particle anion mass (e.g., nitrate, sulfate, and chloride). The Nr and PILS–ESI/MS are shown to agree to within ∼ 6 % for particle mass loadings of up to 120 µg m−3. Consideration of all the sources of error in the PILS–ESI/MS technique yields an overall uncertainty of ±20 % for these single-component particle streams. These results demonstrate the Nr system is a reliable direct particle mass measurement technique that differs from other particle instrument calibration techniques that rely on knowledge of particle size, shape, density, and refractive index.

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Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning: identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review

Nighttime Chemical Transformation in Biomass Burning Plumes: A Box Model Analysis Initialized with Aircraft Observations

Characterization of a catalyst-based conversion technique to measure total particulate nitrogen and organic carbon and comparison to a particle mass measurement instrument

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