Non-monophyly of the woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae s.s.

Abstract

The taxonomy of Bambusoideae is in a state of flux and phylogenetic studies are required to help resolve systematic issues. Over 60 taxa, representing all subtribes of Bambuseae and related non-bambusoid grasses were sampled. A combined analysis of five plastid DNA regions, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, rps16 intron, and matK, was used to study the phylogenetic relationships among the bamboos in general and the woody bamboos in particular. Within the BEP clade (Bambusoideae s.s., Ehrhartoideae, Pooideae), Pooideae were resolved as sister to Bambusoideae s.s. Tribe Bambuseae, the woody bamboos, as currently recognized were not monophyletic because Olyreae, the herbaceous bamboos, were sister to tropical Bambuseae. Temperate Bambuseae were sister to the group consisting of tropical Bambuseae and Olyreae. Thus, the temperate Bambuseae would be better treated as their own tribe Arundinarieae than as a subgroup of Bambuseae. Within the tropical Bambuseae, neotropical Bambuseae were sister to the palaeotropical and Austral Bambuseae. In addition, Melocanninae were found to be sister to the remaining palaeotropical and Austral Bambuseae. We discuss phylogenetic and morphological patterns of diversification and interpret them in a biogeographic context.

The draft genome of the fast-growing non-timber forest species moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla)

“…Bamboo has a rather striking life history, characterized by a prolonged vegetative phase lasting decades before flowering, thereby inhibiting genetic improvement. Recent genomic studies in bamboo have included genome-wide full-length cDNA sequencing 2 , chloroplast genome sequencing 3 , identification of syntenic genes between bamboo and other grasses 4 and phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae subspecies 5 . Fifty-nine simple sequence repeat markers from rice and sugarcane were used in the genetic diversity analyses of 23 bamboo species 6 , and 2 species-specific sequence-characterized amplified region markers were developed in the identification of different bamboo species 7 .…”

Biogeografía y estimación de tiempos de divergencia en bambúes leñosos: entendiendo la evolución de los bambúes Neotropicales

“…The close relationships between the Arthrostylidiinae and Guaduinae as sister groups and the absence of node support for the Arthrostylidiinae subtribe has been found in previous phylogenetic analyses (Kelchner and Clark, 1997;Guala et al, 2000;Zhang and Clark, 2000;BouchenakKhelladi et al, 2008;Ruiz-Sanchez et al, 2008;Sungkaew et al, 2009). The Chusqueinae is corroborated as sister to the Arthrostylidiinae+Guaduinae clade, with good node support as in previous phylogenetic analyses (Kelchner and Clark, 1997;Ruiz-Sanchez et al, 2008;Sungkaew et al, 2009;Fisher et al, 2009).…”

“…Bouchenak-Khelladi et al (2008) found that the bamboo subfamily is monophyletic but found paraphyly in the Bambuseae (woody bamboos), while the Paleotropical and Neotropical woody bamboos are sister to the Olyreae (herbaceous bamboos), and this clade sister to temperate woody bamboos. These results were later confirmed by a multi-gene phylogeny of the Bambusoideae (Sungkaew et al, 2009). In the paraphyletic woody bamboos with nine recognized subtribes, only three subtribes, (Chusquineae, Guaduinae and Melocanniinae) have been recovered as monophyletic groups (Kelchner and Clark, 1997;Clark et al, 2007;RuizSanchez et al, 2008;Fisher et al, 2009;Sungkaew et al, 2009), and the rest of the subtribes are not monophyletic EDUARDO RUIZ-SANCHEZ groups (Guo et al, 2001(Guo et al, , 2002Guo and Li, 2004;Clark et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2008;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al, 2008;Peng et al, 2008;Sungkaew et al, 2009;Triplett and Clark, 2010).…”

“…We used the model of selection GTR + G based on the result of AIC from jMODELTEST 0.1.1 to the subfamily Bambusoideae under an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. We constrained five nodes to be monophyletic according to Sungkaew et al (2009) and Bouchenak-Khelladi et al (2010): BEP-P, Ehrarthoideae, Pooideae, Bambusoideae and Panicoideae. The Yule speciation process was used to model the tree prior.…”

“…Sungkaew et al, 2009;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al, 2010), we used the molecular data from Kelchner and Clark (1997) and Ruiz-Sanchez et al (2008) to reconstruct a dated phylogenetic tree of the Neotropical woody bamboos. This paper aims to study the temporal patterns of Neotropical woody bamboos biogeography and temporal evolution: (1) producing a dated phylogenetic tree of the subfamily Bambusoideae and the Neotropical woody lineage, (2) inferring the evolution of geographical range and reconstructing ancestral areas, and (3) inferring biogeographical patterns of dispersal-vicariance from South America to Mesoamerica based on fossil and Yule based divergence estimation and ancestral area reconstruction.…”