Non‐native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities

Burghardt, Karin T.; Tallamy, Douglas W.; Philips, Christopher R.; Shropshire, Kimberley J.

doi:10.1890/es10-00032.1

Cited by 126 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…First, DEE was lower in the birds in the green and, marginally significant, white ALAN treatments in the site with the highest amount of caterpillar biomass, Voorstonden. This site has the highest concentration of native deciduous trees (oaks and birches) which are known to be the preferred host species of Lepidoptera larvae that Parid species feed on (Visser et al, 2006;Tallamy and Shropshire, 2009;Burghardt et al, 2010). Conversely, the other seven sites are mostly evergreen forests and harbor very little caterpillar biomass, which does not differ between light treatments ( Figure S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)

et al. 2017

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The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly recognized process that accompanies expanding urbanization. Yet, we have limited knowledge on the impact of ALAN on wild species, and on the potential to mitigate any negative effects by using different light sources and colors. In birds, effects of ALAN on activity levels are reported for several species and, hence, their daily energy expenditure (DEE) may be affected. DEE is a potent mediator of life-history trade-offs and fitness and thus an important aspect to consider when examining the potential long-term ecological effects of ALAN. Previous work has suggested that birds exposed to ALAN show higher levels of provisioning and nocturnal activity, suggesting that white ALAN increases DEE. Other factors regulating DEE, such as provisioning behavior and food availability, might also respond to ALAN and thus indirectly affect DEE. We tested the hypothesis that ALAN increases DEE using an experimental setup where four previously unlit transects were illuminated with either white, green, or red LED light, or left dark as a control treatment. This setup was replicated in eight locations across the Netherlands. We measured DEE of our focal species, the great tit (Parus major), using a novel doubly labeled water technique that uses breath rather than blood samples. Contrary to our expectations, birds feeding their offspring under white and green ALAN showed lower DEE compared to birds in the control dark treatment. Differences in chick provisioning activity did not explain this result, as neither visit rates nor daily activity timing was affected by light treatment. However, food availability under white and green light was much higher compared to red light and the dark control. This difference strongly suggests that the lower DEE under white and green ALAN sites is a consequence of higher food availability in these treatments. This result shows that there can be positive, indirect effects of ALAN for breeding song birds which may balance against the negative direct effects shown in previous studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)

et al. 2017

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“…Although counterintuitive, palatable plants like elm are actually expected to have fewer herbivorous insect species feeding on them because production of defensive compounds that reduce palatability evolve in response to more intensive insect feeding (Wratten et al 1981). Nevertheless, native plants have many more caterpillars and other insects feeding on them than nonnative species (Burghardt et al 2010, Southwood 1961. Thus the loss of large numbers of native elms and their frequent replacement by nonnative trees in cities may have had a significant impact on abundance of butterflies and moths as well as the success of nesting birds that prey on caterpillars (Burghardt et al 2009).…”

Section: Food Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the American elm restoration workshop 2016

2017

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“…This is not to suggest that citizens have no role to play in plant conservation and management of biodiversity (Table 4). As a profession, conservation scientists can first encourage the use of propagated common native plants produced with local germplasm in gardening and landscaping (Tallamy 2009), which has the added benefit of increasing the biodiversity of other taxa, including insects and birds (Burghardt et al 2009(Burghardt et al , 2010Tallamy & Shropshire 2009).…”

Section: Regulatory and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial trade of federally listed threatened and endangered plants in the United States

Shirey

Kunycky

Chaloner

et al. 2013

Conservation Letters

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The commercial trade of propagated listed plants is a common but controversial ex situ conservation approach for rare plant species. We investigated the Internet trade of plants protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act to determine their availability for interstate (i.e., regulated) commerce. We identified 49 listed plant species that were available via the Internet, with less than 10% of vendors having obtained the required federal permit. The lack of permits among vendors suggests that sellers are unaware or ignore regulations. Illegal trade undermines both the permitting process and conservation efforts of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to ensure that commercial propagation aids the long-term survival of listed species. Furthermore, in addition to supplying a demand for plant collections and landscaping, commercial trade could provide a source of plants for deliberate species introductions, including assisted colonization-a debated conservation strategy that involves moving species to new environments to mitigate for habitat loss and climate change. Given the potential costs and benefits associated with trade, the challenges suggest that a collaborative approach between agencies, nurseries, and plant collectors is needed to regulate the trade of listed plants. In regulating commercial trade, policymakers and conservation biologists may want to consider potential risks and benefits of private efforts to recover species.

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Non‐native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities

Cited by 126 publications

References 50 publications

Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)

Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)

Proceedings of the American elm restoration workshop 2016

Commercial trade of federally listed threatened and endangered plants in the United States

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