Non-neutralizing antibodies and limitations of serologic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement products

Manian, Deepti Vellaichamy; Jensen, Chelsee; Theel, Elitza S.; Mills, John R.; Joshi, Avni Y.

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.11.009

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, the four positive cases for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the cassette test with negative detection of neutralizing antibodies can be explained because this second method specifically detects the RBD portion of S protein. Therefore, the antibodies of these four patients could not neutralize the RBD portion, but it does not exclude that they exert other mechanisms of antibodies defense [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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“…As a result, most SCIG/IVIG preparations will soon have high titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. 85 Conversely, some antibodydeficient patients (eg, XLA) may have protective T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 infection or vaccination, but will be unable to produce antibodies to the virus. It will be impossible to determine which immunodeficient patients are susceptible and who may have protective immunity based on antibody tests.…”

Section: Assessing the Immune Response To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders, T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, and the Risk of Chronic COVID-19

Ameratunga

Longhurst

Steele

et al. 2021

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

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COVID-19 has had a calamitous effect on the global community. In spite of intense study, the immunological response to the infection is only partially understood. In addition to older age and ethnicity, patients with co-morbidities including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, malignancy, renal and pulmonary disease, may experience severe outcomes. Some patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies also appear to be at increased risk from COVID-19. In addition to their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2, patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) often suffer from chronic pulmonary disease and may not respond to vaccines, exacerbating their long-term risks. Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency disorders (CVID), the most frequent symptomatic PID in adults and children, have a spectrum of B and T cell defects. It may be possible to stratify their risk of severe COVID-19 based on age, ethnicity, the severity of their T cell defect as well as the presence of other co-morbidities. Patients with CVID and other immunodeficiencies are at risk of chronic COVID-19, a dangerous stalemate between a suboptimal immune response and SARS-CoV-2. Intra-host viral evolution could result in the rapid emergence of vaccine resistant mutants and is a public health emergency. Vaccination and prevention of Chronic COVID-19 in immunodeficient patients is therefore of the highest priority. Having a reliable diagnostic assay for T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for evaluating responses to vaccines in these patients. New treatments such as NZACE2-Pātari for COVID-19, are likely to be of particular benefit to immunodeficient patients, especially those who fail to mount a robust T cell response to vaccines.

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“…Finally, the durability of serological response in our patients seemed comparable to that of healthy individuals ( 25 ), despite low numbers of patients with follow-up samples. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies have been detected in healthy donor plasma pools from September 2020 onward ( 36 ), and cross-reactive antibodies have been identified in commercial Ig products ( 37 ). Among our 31 patients on IRT, we only found two seropositive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in children with chronic diseases with healthy children and adults during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2023

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BackgroundInfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is clinically diverse, and children have a low risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, children with chronic diseases have a potentially increased risk.MethodsWe performed a prospective surveillance study with longitudinal serum SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibody quantification and questionnaires in pediatric tertiary care patients during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (November 2020–September 2021). The results were compared with those of healthy children and adults from the same geographic area.ResultsWe obtained 525 samples from 362 patients (M/F ratio of 1.3:1; median age of 11.1 years) comprising children with immune-suppressive or immune-modulating drugs (32.9%), inborn errors of immunity (23.5%), type 1 diabetes mellitus (15.2%), and rheumatic diseases (11.9%). A total of 51 (9.7%) samples were seropositive among 37/351 children (10.5%). Seropositivity increased from 5.8% in November–December 2020 to 21.6% in July–September 2021. Compared with adults, a longitudinal analysis revealed reduced seroprevalence but similar kinetics as in children from the same country. Demographic or social variables and disease characteristics did not correlate with seropositivity. Being obese and household contact with COVID-19-infected individuals significantly increased the odds of infection. The majority of seropositive patients had mild symptoms (21/37). One-third were asymptomatic and/or unaware of having COVID-19 (10/37). Four patients (4/37) needed hospitalization, with good clinical outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough harboring a chronic disease, we observed a low SARS-CoV-2 incidence in a cohort of pediatric tertiary care patients, comparable with healthy children during the first year of the pandemic. Infection was mostly associated with mild symptoms.

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Non-neutralizing antibodies and limitations of serologic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement products

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders, T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, and the Risk of Chronic COVID-19

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in children with chronic diseases with healthy children and adults during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

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