Non‐O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>Infections in the United States, 1983–2002

Brooks, John T.; Sowers, Evangeline G.; Wells, Joy G.; Greene, Katherine D.; Griffin, Patricia M.; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Strockbine, Nancy

doi:10.1086/466536

Cited by 697 publications

(600 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To our knowledge we were first to suggest that plant-based production should be scalable and can yield colicins or colicin mixtures at price points low enough to make them attractive for industrial adoption as a novel food safety strategy. The list of major serotypes (Big 7) has been defined by FDA and USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) based on a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention retrospective analysis of food poisonings caused by E. coli (29). Although about 75% of outbreaks are due to just one serotype (0157:H7), the other 25% caused by one or more of the remaining six serotypes are nevertheless significant from a public safety standpoint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad and efficient control of major foodborne pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli by mixtures of plant-produced colicins

Schulz

Stephan

Hahn

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of the leading causes of bacterial enteric infections worldwide, causing ∼100,000 illnesses, 3,000 hospitalizations, and 90 deaths annually in the United States alone. These illnesses have been linked to consumption of contaminated animal products and vegetables. Currently, other than thermal inactivation, there are no effective methods to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in food. Colicins are nonantibiotic antimicrobial proteins, produced by E. coli strains that kill or inhibit the growth of other E. coli strains. Several colicins are highly effective against key EHEC strains. Here we demonstrate very high levels of colicin expression (up to 3 g/kg of fresh biomass) in tobacco and edible plants (spinach and leafy beets) at costs that will allow commercialization. Among the colicins examined, plant-expressed colicin M had the broadest antimicrobial activity against EHEC and complemented the potency of other colicins. A mixture of colicin M and colicin E7 showed very high activity against all major EHEC strains, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture/Food and Drug Administration. Treatments with low (less than 10 mg colicins per L) concentrations reduced the pathogenic bacterial load in broth culture by 2 to over 6 logs depending on the strain. In experiments using meats spiked with E. coli O157:H7, colicins efficiently reduced the population of the pathogen by at least 2 logs. Plant-produced colicins could be effectively used for the broad control of pathogenic E. coli in both plant-and animal-based food products and, in the United States, colicins could be approved using the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) regulatory approval pathway.antimicrobials | colicin | EHEC | food safety | plant-made recombinant proteins

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad and efficient control of major foodborne pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli by mixtures of plant-produced colicins

Schulz

Stephan

Hahn

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Strains of EHEC belonging to serogroup O157 are most commonly associated with severe human disease (Mead et al , 1999). However, infections with other EHEC strains, such as those of serogroups O26 and O103, are on the rise (Brooks et al , 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional studies of intimin in vivo and ex vivo: implications for host specificity and tissue tropism

et al. 2007

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Intimin is an outer-membrane adhesin that is essential for colonization of the host gastrointestinal tract by attaching and effacing pathogens including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium (CR). The N-terminus of intimin from the different strains is highly conserved while the C-terminus, which harnesses the active receptor-binding site, shows sequence and antigenic polymorphism. This diversity was used to define a number of distinct intimin types, the most common of which are α, β and γ. Intimin binds the type III secretion system effector protein Tir. However, a large body of evidence suggests that intimin also binds a host-cell-encoded receptor(s) (Hir), and interaction of different intimin types with Hir contributes to tissue and host specificity. The aims of this study were to compare the activity of the major intimin types (α, β and γ) in vivo and ex vivo, using the CR mouse model and in vitro organ culture (IVOC), and to determine their exchangeability. The results confirm that intimin γ is not functional in the CR mouse model. In the pig, intimin β can substitute for EPEC intimin α but when placed in an EHEC O157 : H7 background it does not produce an intimin α-like tropism, although some adhesion to the small and large intestine was observed. In contrast, in human IVOC, intimin β in an EHEC background produces small intestinal colonization in a similar manner to intimin α.

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“…The epidemiology of infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 are well described ( 1 – 4 ). Non-O157 STEC infection also is associated with severe illness and HUS but often is underdiagnosed and less well understood ( 3 – 7 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli, New Mexico, USA, 2004–2007

Lathrop¹

2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Non‐O157 Shiga Toxin–ProducingEscherichia coliInfections in the United States, 1983–2002

Cited by 697 publications

References 49 publications

Broad and efficient control of major foodborne pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli by mixtures of plant-produced colicins

Broad and efficient control of major foodborne pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli by mixtures of plant-produced colicins

Functional studies of intimin in vivo and ex vivo: implications for host specificity and tissue tropism

Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli, New Mexico, USA, 2004–2007

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