Non-opioid analgesics

Seth, Bharti

doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2019.06.001

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Cannabinoids have been offi cially admitted among nonopioid analgesics. The current public opinion is moving toward more widespread acceptance of cannabinoids and physicians will increasingly be encountering the use of cannabinoids in their practice [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems Differently Influence Heat and Cold Stress-Induced Analgesia

Nocheva

Sabit

Grigorov

2021

Acta Medica Bulgarica

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Stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is a well-known phenomenon, in which mechanisms of development opioid and non-opioid components take part. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) takes part in the non-opioid pathways and modulates nociception. Nitric oxide (NO) is also proverbial to interfere with pain perception. The present study was performed to investigate the effects from interaction between the ECS and NO after heat (heat stress) or cold (cold stress) exposure. Male Wistar rats subjected to one hour of heat or cold stress were injected with different combinations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist anandamide (AEA) or antagonist (AM251) along with NO-donor, NO-precursor or inhibitor of the NO-synthase (NOS). Nociception was evaluated using Paw pressure (Randall-Selitto) test. The results showed that AEA-administration immediately after the end of stress let to a tendency to increase cold-SIA, but decreased heat-SIA. AEA along with NO-donor increased both cold- and heat-SIA but to a different degree. AM251 and NOS-inhibitor decreased SIA. Our experiments confirmed that the endogenous cannabinoid and the nitricoxidergic systems interact between them in the modulation of SIA. The ECS exerts a more prominent influence on cold rather than heat SIA. Differences in modulation probably depend on the type of stress, due to the different participation of ECS in the mechanisms of SIA development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems Differently Influence Heat and Cold Stress-Induced Analgesia

Nocheva

Sabit

Grigorov

2021

Acta Medica Bulgarica

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“…Glucocorticoids, well-known for their powerful anti-inflammatory properties, are restricted for athletes due to their classification as doping substances in certain situations and their unfavorable side effect profile [8]. NSAIDs, unlike opioids, do not interfere with sensory perception or consciousness [9]. Opioids can induce pleasurable sensations and carry an additional risk of addiction due to withdrawal when terminating treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Endurance Sports: Balancing Performance and Health Implications - a Literature Review

Meyer-Glitza,

Langer,

Wieder

2023

Preprint

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The prevailing practice of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) in endurance sports, despite the lack of consistent evidence for theirergogenic effects, raises questions about potential benefits beyond painmanagement and the specific adverse consequences they might entail. Contraryto the intended outcomes, NSAIDs have shown mixed effectiveness in alleviatinginflammation during or after exercise, mainly showing harmful consequences inrunning. These contraproductive effects are particularly concerning for thegastrointestinal system.Regarding muscle adaptation, high doses of NSAIDs have been shown to inhibitmuscle growth, while moderate doses have a minor impact. Although theavailable studies on the impact of NSAIDs on human mitochondrial biogenesisare scarce, in vitro experiments suggest potential negative consequences.Furthermore, the presumed benefits of NSAIDs in promoting healing for softtissue, bone injuries, and muscle damage are frequently undermined, potentiallyimpeding the natural recovery process. Concerns regarding bone healingencompass delayed callus maturation, compromised mechanical strength, and anincreased fracture risk due to the inhibition of osteoblasts.In conclusion, endurance athletes are advised to exercise caution whencontemplating the use of NSAIDs without clear indications, as their potentialadverse effects outweigh the limited advantages in terms of performanceenhancement. While short-term NSAID applications may offer transient relief,alternative strategies should be sought for fostering long-term healing andoptimizing performance.Considering these findings, this review aims to provide endurance athletes withinsights spanning injury management, training adaptation, race performance, andrecovery.

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“…Non-opioid analgesics are those drugs by which analgesia can be achieved without affecting opioid receptors. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, anticonvulsants (inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium or calcium ion channels, e.g., phenytoin, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, gabapentinoids, levetiracetam), antidepressants including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, duloxetine, venlafaxine), TRPV1 antagonists (capsaicin), cannabinoids, and muscle relaxants (e.g., benzodiazepines) [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced an analgesic ladder to determine the degree of pain and appropriate pharmacotherapy in cancer pain and acute and chronic painful non-cancer disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Janicka

Sałek

Sawińska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Skin and gastrointestinal cancer cells are the target of research by many scientists due to the increasing morbidity and mortality rates around the world. New indications for drugs used in various conditions are being discovered. Non-opioid analgesics are worth noting as very popular, widely available, relatively cheap medications. They also have the ability to modulate the membrane components of tumor cells. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol on skin and gastrointestinal cancers cell membrane. These drugs may affect the membrane through topical application, at the in vitro and in vivo level after oral or parenteral administration. They can lead to up- or downregulated expression of receptors, transporters and other molecules associated with plasma membrane. Medications may also alter the lipid bilayer composition of membrane, resulting in changes in its integrity and fluidity. Described modulations can cause the visualization of cancer cells, enhanced response of the immune system and the initiation of cell death. The outcome of this is inhibition of progression or reduction of tumor mass and supports chemotherapy. In conclusion, non-opioid analgesics may be used in the future as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of these cancers.

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Non-opioid analgesics

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems Differently Influence Heat and Cold Stress-Induced Analgesia

The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems Differently Influence Heat and Cold Stress-Induced Analgesia

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Endurance Sports: Balancing Performance and Health Implications - a Literature Review

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

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