Non-orthogonal micro-free flow electrophoresis: From theory to design concept

Evenhuis, Christopher J.; Okhonin, Victor; Krylov, Sergey N.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.002

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, we optimized the flow rate of buffer and the separation voltage. For the consideration of buffer concentration on conductivity and μ‐FFE separation resolution, [41] 15 mM Tris‐HCl (pH 9.0) was used as the mobile phase, in which methyl green was positively charged while rhodamine B was neutral. We have also tried 10 mM Tris‐HCl as the mobile phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Free‐Flow Paper Electrochromatography for Continuous Separation of Glycans

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

ChemElectroChem

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Microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis (μ-FFE) is widely used for continuous separation of charged analytes. However, μ-FFE is limited in the separation of analytes with the same electrophoretic mobility. In this work, we developed a novel microfluidic free-flow paper electrochromatography (μ-FFPE) by combining μ-FFE with filter paper-based chromatography, enabling continuous separation of analytes through the mechanism of both μ-FFE and paper chromatography. Numerical simulation was applied to demonstrate the advantages of adding filter paper as the stationary phase of μ-FFE. With the filter paper, a more stable separation system was achieved. The device was applied to the separation of simple mixtures of dyes and complex mixtures of glycans. With the μ-FFPE fractionation, much more glycans and glycan types can be identified by LC-MS, demonstrating the value of the method in biological analysis. The μ-FFPE can provide a new platform for the separation and analysis of various biological molecules.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Free‐Flow Paper Electrochromatography for Continuous Separation of Glycans

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

ChemElectroChem

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“…10) [73]. Following this work, non-orthogonal FFE (NOFFE) designs were suggested [74]. NOFFE theoretically proved that two analytes, whose electrophoretic mobilities differ by less than 0.5%, can be resolved.…”

Section: Ffe Separation Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in steady-state continuous-flow purification by small-scale free-flow electrophoresis

Agostino

Krylov

2015

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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“…Often, components of a reaction mixture have very similar electrophoretic mobilities; thus making their separation very difficult. Non-Orthogonal-to-the-Flow Electrophoresis is a potential solution to improve resolution [14,15]. To explore any such solution, multiple prototypes will need to be made in a timely and cost-effective fashion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milli‐free flow electrophoresis: I. Fast prototyping of mFFE devices

Agostino

Evenhuis

Krylov

2011

J of Separation Science

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We coin a term of milli-free flow electrophoresis (mFFE) to describe mid-scale FFE with flow rates intermediate to macro-FFE and micro-FFE (μFFE). Introduced decades ago, mFFE did not find practical applications. We revive mFFE, as we view it as a viable purification complement to continuous synthesis in capillary reactors with product flow rates of ∼5 to 2000 μL/min, too small for macro-FFE but too large for μFFE. The development of the tandem of continuous synthesis/purification will require the production and evaluation of a large number of prototypes of mFFE devices. As the first step, we developed a fast (<24 h) and economical (∼$10) method for prototyping mFFE devices using a robotic milling machine. mFFE prototypes are constructed from two machined matching poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates, which are bonded in 10 min using dichloromethane to provide a strong and irreversible seal. Using the developed prototyping technology, we designed and evaluated 25 prototypes of mFFE devices. By optimizing the feed rates and rotational speeds of the drills, the depth of the electrode channels, the dimensions of the entrance and exit reservoirs, the sample flow rate, and the diameter and position of the sample input, we were able to achieve indefinitely long operation of the device with cycles of alternating 15-min electrophoresis and 0.5-min regeneration (bubble removal). The test analytes, rhodamine B and fluorescein, were baseline resolved by mFFE for flow rates ranging from 10 to 600 μL/min. These results prove that our prototyping approach is suitable for the challenging task of multi-parameter optimization of mFFE devices.

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Non-orthogonal micro-free flow electrophoresis: From theory to design concept

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Microfluidic Free‐Flow Paper Electrochromatography for Continuous Separation of Glycans

Microfluidic Free‐Flow Paper Electrochromatography for Continuous Separation of Glycans

Advances in steady-state continuous-flow purification by small-scale free-flow electrophoresis

Milli‐free flow electrophoresis: I. Fast prototyping of mFFE devices

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