Non-pharmacological intervention for memory decline

Abstract

Non-pharmacological intervention of memory difficulties in healthy older adults, as well as those with brain damage and neurodegenerative disorders, has gained much attention in recent years. The two main reasons that explain this growing interest in memory rehabilitation are the limited efficacy of current drug therapies and the plasticity of the human central nervous and the discovery that during aging, the connections in the brain are not fixed but retain the capacity to change with learning. Moreover, several studies have reported enhanced cognitive performance in patients with neurological disease, following non-invasive brain stimulation [i.e., repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation to specific cortical areas]. The present review provides an overview of memory rehabilitation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and in patients with Alzheimer's disease with particular regard to cognitive rehabilitation interventions focused on memory and non-invasive brain stimulation. Reviewed data suggest that in patients with memory deficits, memory intervention therapy could lead to performance improvements in memory, nevertheless further studies need to be conducted in order to establish the real value of this approach.

Therapeutic Gardens – A healing environment for optimizing the health care experience of Alzheimer’s and dementia patients: A narrative review  

“…This is consistent with research evidences which suggest that interventions promoting neural plasticity can induce significant cognitive gains especially in patients with mild AD [106]. These improvements have involved various non-invasive, or non-pharmacological interventions which have increasingly gained attention in recent years [107,108], such as in virtual reality, 3D simulation technologies and intelligent environments [43,109]. Furthermore, investigators have revealed that optimizing personal control of spaces by patients, contributes to their emotional comfort which facilitates the therapeutic process of hospitalized patients [110].…”