Non-pharmacological treatment of hereditary spastic paraplegia: a systematic review

A Hundred Faces for a Unique Disorder: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

“…The active ingredients of Lioresal are: baclofen, a gammaaminobutyric acid receptor (GABAb receptor) agonist that acts by suppressing hyperexcitation; tizanidine, a centrally acting α2-adrenergic receptor agonist; dantrolene sodium, 1([5-(nitrophenyl)furfurylidend] amino) hydantoin sodium hydrate, which is used in chronic disorders of skeletalmuscle spasticity; and botulinum A and B toxin, produced by Clostridium botulinum and consisting of a complex mixture of proteins containing botulinum neurotoxin and various non-toxic proteins by injection. Drugs used to block urinary urgency include: oxybutynin, an anticholinergic drug; solifenacin, a competitive muscarinic receptor antag-onist; mirabregon, a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist; and intrabladder botulinum injections [9,14]. In patients with HSP, the use of dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine, a potassium channel blocker) in combination with physiotherapy has been reported to improve muscle spasticity and walking speed [15].…”