Non-pylori Helicobacters (NHPHs) Induce Shifts in Gastric Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Patients

Abstract

To explore the effects of gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter species(NHPH) on the structure and potential function of gastric microbiota, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on 164 gastric biopsy specimens from NHPH (H. suis, H. felis, H. salomonis) /H. pylori coinfection individuals, H. pylori monoinfection individuals and healthy controls. The results demonstrated that marked structural and functional variations between H. pylori mono- and coinfection samples (HPHS, HPHF, HPHM). The changes in bacterial structure induced by NHPH are mainly attributed to their ability of gastric acid secretion inhibition as well as bacterial chemotaxis. Both the HPHS and HPHF groups showed significant increases in phylotype richness and significant decreases in β diversity, but this trend was not found in HPHM group. Regarding the top five phyla and top thirty-five genera, the HPHS and HPHF groups had similar variation trends in relative abundance. The increased relative abundance levels of the genera Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Photobacterium, and Clostridium were associated with increases in predicted signal transduction/metabolic pathways among the three coinfection groups. The relative abundance levels of bacteria involved in the formation of N-nitroso compounds were significantly decreased in the HPHS and HPHF groups (e.g., Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Clostridium, etc.). The significantly decreased relative abundance levels of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the HPHS and HPHF groups were associated with the observed increases in predicted lipid metabolism pathways. The results in this study implied that NHPH can arouse the variation of structure and function of gastric microbiota, which may pave the way to further research on the pathogenesis of gastric diseases.

Changes in Gastric Corpus Microbiota With Age and After Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

“…It is well known that many non- H. pylori urease-producing bacteria and nitrosating or nitrate-reducing bacteria other than H. pylori exist in the stomach ( Mowat et al, 2000 ; Sanduleanu et al, 2001 ). Nitrosating bacteria and urease-producing bacteria play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis ( Peng et al, 2017 ).…”

Compositional and Functional Differences between Microbiota and Cervical Carcinogenesis as Identified by Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing

“…In the current study, the normal group were found to have been enriched with the genuses Pseudoalteromonas and Psychrobacter . Pseudoalteromonas has been reported to be lower in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients [24], and Psychrobacter was reduced in colorectal carcinoma patients [25]. However, the associations of Pseudothermotoga and Candidatus Endolissoclinum with human diseases is not yet clear.…”

Helicobacter suis infection alters glycosylation and decreases the pathogen growth inhibiting effect and binding avidity of gastric mucins

“…Indeed, infection with more than one H. pylori strain has been previously reported, 42,43 and coinfection with H. pylori and NHPH strains has also been described. 44,45 Although the average differences in growth regulation and binding between mucins from infected versus noninfected individuals were relatively small, the long-term effect in these life-long infections is likely to have a major impact on pathogen density. Furthermore, the difference between the highest and lowest effect of mucins is substantial: for growth, the difference was 35% after 13 h and for binding it was 20-fold.…”