Non-random gene flow: an underappreciated force in evolution and ecology

Edelaar, Pim; Bolnick, Daniel I.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.009

Cited by 283 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Reciprocal translocation experiments have often (but not always) shown that survival and fecundity are higher in philopatric individuals than immigrants [10][11][12][13] . However, most of these studies did not measure reproductive success (and thus fitness), and typically used randomly selected individuals as 'immigrants' whereas natural dispersers may differ phenotypically and genetically from their philopatric conspecifics 14 . Furthermore, information on phenotypic and habitat differences between populations is generally missing, complicating the interpretation of results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Local adaptation limits lifetime reproductive success of dispersers in a wild salmon metapopulation

2014

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Demographic and evolutionary dynamics in wild metapopulations are critically affected by the balance between dispersal and local adaptation. Where populations are demographically interconnected by migration, gene flow is often assumed to prevent local adaptation. However, reduced fitness of immigrants may limit gene flow between populations adapted to distinct habitat types, although direct quantification of the lifetime reproductive success of immigrants in the wild is lacking. Here, we show that dispersers between stream-spawning populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) had similar reproductive success to those that spawned in their natal stream, whereas dispersers from a different habitat (nearby lake beaches) produced half as many offspring. The stream-and beach-spawning ecotypes exhibited striking morphological differences despite their close spatial proximity, yet dispersal from the beach to the streams was more common than dispersal between streams, presenting empirical evidence that variation in immigrant reproductive success is important for the maintenance of intraspecific biodiversity.

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Local adaptation limits lifetime reproductive success of dispersers in a wild salmon metapopulation

2014

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“…I suspect the difference in outcome depends in part on dispersal distance with plasticity enhancing divergence under short-range dispersal (Armsworth and Roughgarden, 2008), but inhibiting divergence under longer-range dispersal (Payne et al, 2011). However, this pattern might be very different with other assumptions (for example, Edelaar and Bolnick, 2012). Biased settlement has long been suspected to enhance genetic differentiation over random settlement because different genotypes can become associated with specific habitat types (Ravigne et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also clear that we have the necessary tools to begin examining the effects of dispersal plasticity on real organisms. This is an exciting time to be exploring the evolutionary consequences of biased dispersal in general (for example, Edelaar and Bolnick, 2012) and dispersal plasticity both theoretically and empirically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, gene flow from the mainland has not been sufficient (13% of breeders) to prevent local adaptation on the east side of the island. However, theory shows that, under some circumstances, dispersal can increase genetic variation within a population thus providing the raw material for local adaptation (Blanquart et al, 2012;Edelaar and Bolnick, 2012). I don't know of empirical studies directly supporting this result but Lavergne and Molofsky (2007) provide a potential example in canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Grant and Grant (2014) provide a potential example in the large ground finch (Geospiza magnarostris).…”

Section: Population Genetic Effects Of the Decision To Dispersementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might also explain why Armsworth and Roughgarden (2008) found the opposite effect of conditional dispersal when settlement was confined to neighboring patches. Thus, for the limited theoretical work available, it appears that the effect of plastic dispersal might be influenced by dispersal distance (Edelaar and Bolnick, 2012 discuss this for dispersal in general). If dispersal is restricted to neighboring patches then plasticity in the decision to disperse can slightly increase chances of local adaptation.…”

Section: Population Genetic Effects Of the Decision To Dispersementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dispersal plasticity on population divergence and speciation

Arendt

2015

Heredity

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Phenotypic plasticity is thought to have a role in driving population establishment, local adaptation and speciation. However, dispersal plasticity has been underappreciated in this literature. Plasticity in the decision to disperse is taxonomically widespread and I provide examples for insects, molluscs, polychaetes, vertebrates and flowering plants. Theoretical work is limited but indicates an interaction between dispersal distance and plasticity in the decision to disperse. When dispersal is confined to adjacent patches, dispersal plasticity may enhance local adaptation over unconditional (non-plastic) dispersal. However, when dispersal distances are greater, plasticity in dispersal decisions strongly reduces the potential for local adaptation and population divergence. Upon dispersal, settlement may be random, biased but genetically determined, or biased but plastically determined. Theory shows that biased settlement of either type increases population divergence over random settlement. One model suggests that plasticity further enhances chances of speciation. However, there are many strategies for deciding on where to settle such as a best-of-N strategy, sequential sampling with a threshold for acceptance or matching with natal habitat. To date, these strategies do not seem to have been compared within a single model. Although we are just beginning to explore evolutionary effects of dispersal plasticity, it clearly has the potential to enhance as well as inhibit population divergence. Additional work should pay particular attention to dispersal distance and the strategy used to decide on where to settle.

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Evolutionary Implications of Habitat Choice

Porter

Akcali

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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There is a growing realisation that habitat choice can have profound consequences for the processes of adaptation and speciation. Habitat choice may be a rapid and effective route by which individual and population fitness are increased, potentially playing a major role in adaptive evolution that has historically been solely attributed to natural selection. Recent research indicates that there may be complex interactions between habitat selection and other processes (i.e. natural selection, phenotypic plasticity) during adaptive evolution. Likewise, the use of alternative habitats by diverging lineages appears to be a major barrier to gene flow in nature, suggesting that habitat choice also plays a major role in the diversification of life. Although the available evidence is tantalising, much remains to be known about the true extent of habitat choice's role in the evolutionary process and the mechanisms underlying its evolutionary consequences. Key Concepts Habitat choice can be a cause (and a consequence) of adaptation. Habitat choice may reduce or increase the scope for other processes to contribute to adaptation. Habitat isolation is often a strong barrier to gene flow between diverging lineages. Habitat isolation evolves early in the process of divergence. Habitat isolation may have been a key contributor to the extraordinary diversity of herbivorous insects. The specific mechanisms underlying individual dispersal and settlement decisions can greatly affect the evolutionary consequences of habitat choice.

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Non-random gene flow: an underappreciated force in evolution and ecology

Cited by 283 publications

References 68 publications

Local adaptation limits lifetime reproductive success of dispersers in a wild salmon metapopulation

Local adaptation limits lifetime reproductive success of dispersers in a wild salmon metapopulation

Effects of dispersal plasticity on population divergence and speciation

Evolutionary Implications of Habitat Choice

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