Non-Reciprocal, Robust Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Gyrotropic Interfaces

Pakniyat, Samaneh; Holmes, Alexander M.; Hanson, George W.; Gangaraj, S. Ali Hassani; Antezza, Mauro; Silveirinha, Mário G.; Jam, Shahrokh; Monticone, Francesco

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2969725

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Then, as in the case of quantum-Hall topological insulators in condensed-matter physics [21], topologically-protected unidirectional surface waves may emerge when an interface is formed with a material having a bulk-mode bandgap with different topological properties (the opaque isotropic material in our case) [4,7]. Conversely, the first type of SPPs discussed above, which exist on an interface with a transparent medium, are not topologically-protected, as the lower bulkmode bandgap is topologically trivial [9].…”

Section: Nonreciprocal Plasmonic Platformsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been known for several decades that, at the interface between a magnetized plasma (a gyrotropic medium) and an isotropic material, unidirectional surface waves can emerge under certain conditions and in certain frequency ranges (e.g., [1][2][3]). This topic has seen a recent resurgence of interest in the context of nonreciprocal and topological electromagnetics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Particularly intriguing is the possibility of realizing truly unidirectional wave-propagation channels, combined with the high degree of field localization and confinement of plasmonic platforms, which may enable extreme and counter-intuitive optical effects, especially if the one-way channel is abruptly terminated or closed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do truly unidirectional surface plasmon-polaritons exist?

Gangaraj

Monticone

2019

Optica

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In this work, we revisit the topic of surface waves on nonreciprocal plasmonic structures, and clarify whether strictly unidirectional surface plasmon-polaritons are allowed to exist in this material platform. By investigating different three-dimensional configurations and frequency regimes, we theoretically show that, while conventional surface magneto-plasmons are not strictly unidirectional due to nonlocal effects, consistent with recent predictions made in the literature, another important class of one-way surface plasmon-polaritons, existing at an interface with an opaque isotropic material, robustly preserve their unidirectionality even in the presence of nonlocality, and for arbitrarily-small levels of dissipation. We also investigate the extreme behavior of terminated unidirectional waveguiding structures, for both classes of surface waves, and discuss their counter-intuitive implications.

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Section: Nonreciprocal Plasmonic Platformsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do truly unidirectional surface plasmon-polaritons exist?

Gangaraj

Monticone

2019

Optica

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“…This regime has been studied in detail in Refs. [33][34][35]. If the bias is turned off, ω c = 0, the system becomes reciprocal, the two Weyl points annihilate each other at k z = 0, and the Weyl material undergoes a topological phase transition to a trivial state.…”

Section: Nonreciprocal Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation-induced topological transitions in continuous Weyl materials

Shastri

Monticone

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Many topologically nontrivial systems have been recently realized using electromagnetic, acoustic, and other classical wave-based platforms. As the simplest class of three-dimensional topological systems, Weyl semimetals have attracted significant attention in this context. However, the robustness of the topological Weyl state in the presence of dissipation, which is common to most classical realizations, has not been studied in detail. In this paper we demonstrate that the symmetry properties of the Weyl material play a crucial role in the annihilation of topological charges in the presence of losses. We consider the specific example of a continuous plasma medium and compare two possible realizations of a Weyl-point dispersion based on breaking time-reversal symmetry (reciprocity) or breaking inversion symmetry. We theoretically show that the topological state is fundamentally more robust against losses in the nonreciprocal realization. Our findings elucidate the impact of dissipation on three-dimensional topological materials and metamaterials.

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“…As the frequency approaches the unidirectional window described previously, the equifrequency contours become more elliptical and the SPP modes propagate with stronger anisotropy. Finally, within the unidirectional window, we see from Figure 5b that the equifrequency contours become open and no backward-propagating mode exist in the −x direction, at least in the local case [58] (in the nonlocal case, the equifrequency contours close for very large values of wavevector). Furthermore, due to the hyperbolic-like shape of the equifrequency contours, a point source near the surface would launch SPPs propagating as narrow diffraction-less beams [59].…”

Section: Surface States-transparent Opaque and Other Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Nonreciprocal and Topological Plasmonics

Shastri¹,

Abdelrahman²,

Monticone³

2021

Photonics

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Metals, semiconductors, metamaterials, and various two-dimensional materials with plasmonic dispersion exhibit numerous exotic physical effects in the presence of an external bias, for example an external static magnetic field or electric current. These physical phenomena range from Faraday rotation of light propagating in the bulk to strong confinement and directionality of guided modes on the surface and are a consequence of the breaking of Lorentz reciprocity in these systems. The recent introduction of relevant concepts of topological physics, translated from condensed-matter systems to photonics, has not only given a new perspective on some of these topics by relating certain bulk properties of plasmonic media to the surface phenomena, but has also led to the discovery of new regimes of truly unidirectional, backscattering-immune, surface-wave propagation. In this article, we briefly review the concepts of nonreciprocity and topology and describe their manifestation in plasmonic materials. Furthermore, we use these concepts to classify and discuss the different classes of guided surface modes existing on the interfaces of various plasmonic systems.

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Non-Reciprocal, Robust Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Gyrotropic Interfaces

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Do truly unidirectional surface plasmon-polaritons exist?

Do truly unidirectional surface plasmon-polaritons exist?

Dissipation-induced topological transitions in continuous Weyl materials

Nonreciprocal and Topological Plasmonics

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