Non-segmental aspects of disordered speech: Developments in transcription

Abstract

Recent developments in the phonetic transcription of disordered speech are discussed, and the specific problems of suprasegmental aspects highlighted. The new transcription conventions in this area included in the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet are illustrated from transcriptions of disordered speech.

Does the recording medium influence phonetic transcription of cleft palate speech?

“…The provision of conventions for non‐linguistic facial activity that may occur in cleft palate speech, such as nasal grimaces, has been suggested (Ball et al . ).…”

“…Also, visual but not audible cues need to be considered when transcribing disordered speech to get a full picture of the phonetic behaviour in disordered speech (Daniloff et al 1980). The provision of conventions for non-linguistic facial activity that may occur in cleft palate speech, such as nasal grimaces, has been suggested (Ball et al 1994). Podol and Salvia (1976) showed that seeing patients with cleft lip and palate influenced speech ratings.…”

The VoQS System for the Transcription of Voice Quality

“…Of these, the last can be found in certain circumstances with normal speakers (for example, with alternative egressive and ingressive speech in counting), but is also encountered in certain speech disorders (see a description of its use with disfluent speech in Ball, et al 1994). The extlPA symbol for ingressive has been used here, but within the labeled brace format, as opposed to being added to a single symbol.…”

“…This sub-group produced a report recommending a set of symbols and diacritics called the 'Extensions to the IPA', now commonly referred to as 'extlPA'. This set of symbols is described in some detail in Duckworth, Allen, Hardcastle and Ball (1990), and exemplified in Ball (1991) and Ball, Code, Rahilly and Hazlett (1994), and the current extlPA chart is available in ICPLA Executive Committee (1994). The extlPA symbols cover a variety of suprasegmental features, such as pausing, tempo, and loudness, as well as voice quality.…”

The extIPA Chart

“…The report produced at the Convention appeared in print in Duckworth, Hardcastle, Allen and Ball (1990), being mainly a list of symbols, termed 'extensions to the IPA', or 'extlPA' for short. Examples of the use of the extlPA symbols are given in Ball (1991), Howard (1993) and Ball, Code, Rahilly and Hazlett (1994) among others, and Ball (1993) includes them at textbook level. Various changes and additions to the original set of symbols are reported in Bernhardt and Ball (1993).…”