The arachidonate-regulated, Ca 2؉ -selective ARC channels represent a novel receptor-activated pathway for the entry of Ca 2؉ in nonexcitable cells that is entirely separate from the widely studied store-operated, Ca 2؉ release-activated Ca 2؉ channels. Activation of ARC channels occurs specifically at the low agonist concentrations typically associated with oscillatory 2؉ selectivity of ARC channels is extremely high. Examination of the ability of various fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, to activate the ARC channels demonstrated that activation does not reflect any nonspecific membrane fluidity or detergent effects, shows a high degree of specificity for arachidonic acid over other fatty acids (especially monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids), and is independent of any arachidonic acid metabolite. Moreover, studies using the charged analogue arachidonyl coenzyme A demonstrate that activation of the ARC channels reflects an action of the fatty acid specifically at the internal face of the plasma membrane. Whether this involves a direct action of arachidonic acid on the channel protein itself or an action on some intermediary molecule is, at present, unclear.