Non‐somatic effects of patient aggression on nurses: a systematic review

Abstract

Despite differing countries, cultures, research designs and settings, nurses' responses to patient aggression are similar. Standardized questionnaires could help improve estimations of the real prevalence of non-somatic effects. Given the suffering caused by non-somatic effects, research should be aimed at preventing patient aggression and at developing better ways to prepare nurses to cope with this problem.

Nursing students' experiences of violence: A Questionnaire Survey

“…These responses are commonly found in the literature. [18,34,[41][42][43] Unwillingness to continue in clinical practice and becoming disheartened to the profession are the most frequent responses following nurse and lecturer-initiated violent interactions, respectively. [18] Many studies report that healthcare staff, including students, is exposed to more violent behaviours from patients and relatives in psychiatric clinics.…”

The Discrepancy Between Actual & Unreported Incidents of Violence in a Learning Disability Nursing Service

“…Therei sa na bsence of consensus regarding the definition of violencei nt he contexto fh ealthcare ( Needham et al, 2005),w iths ome writerse mphasising 'physicalc ontact by ap atient or clientt hat resultsi nf eelings of personalt hreat' (Ryan&Poster,1 993: 38),o thersi ncluding 'any incident in which ap ersoni s abused, threatened or assaulted relating to theirw ork' (Health &S afety Executive,1 998: 1),w hich is extendedt oi nvolve 'ane xplicito rimplicit challenge to their safety,w ell-being or health' to constitute zero tolerance( Department of Health 1999).M ored etaileda nalyses haves een violencecategorized according to the levelo fp hysicali njuriess ustained (Health ServicesA dvisory Committee, 1987), whether towardss elf, otherso rp roperty,d egree of physicalityi nvolved (Morrison, 1993),a nd emotional effects ( UKCC, 2002),w hich include feelings of shock, anger,f ear,f rustration (Howard&Hegarty,2 003),p owerlessnessa nd insufficiency (Lundstrom et al, 2007).…”

“…Thec osto fv iolencee ncompassest he victim,s taff team and entire organisation (Department of Health, 1999),t hough the psychologicala nd emotional effects of minor incidents, such as fear,a nxiety and reduced confidence( Millington,2 005) canb et he equal of major ones (Needham, 2005) involvingt he moreo bvious physicali njurya nd subsequent medicala ttention ( Devine, 2004).O ther possible effects include poor sleep, increasedr elianceo nc igarettes and alcohol (Royal College of Nursing, 1998),g eneral health decline ( Needham, 2005), with recovery sometimes takingy ears ( Nursing&MidwiferyC ouncil, 2005).T he implicationsf or the service cani nclude increased sicknessa nd absenteeism, which mayc ompromise serviceq ualitya nd workplaces afety (CFSMS, 2006), increased litigation concerns (Devine, 2004) and subsequent difficultiesi n recruitment and retention (Millington, 2005).…”

Validity and Reliability of ARQ-K (Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire) for Emergency Department Nurses in Korea

“…4.544 www.kan.or.kr 고 여기고 있다 [1,2,7]. 그러나 대부분의 응급실 간호사들은 폭력으 로부터 안전하지 못하다고 느끼고 있으며 [1], 안전한 근무환경이 조 성되지 않을 경우 효율적인 간호업무 수행을 기대하기 어렵고 결국 환자안전에까지 위협을 줄 수 있다 [2,3].…”

“…간호사들은 폭력을 경험한 후에 분노, 불안, 죄책감, 공포, 허탈 감, 두려움, 당황스럽고 답답함, 후회, 자존감의 손상 등과 같은 부 정적 감정을 보인다 [7,8]. 뿐만 아니라, 간호사들의 폭력 경험은 가 족, 친지, 그리고 직장동료와의 관계 변화, 악몽에 시달리거나 깜짝 놀라는 등 정서적, 신체생리적 및 사회적 반응을 나타내기도 한다 [7].…”