Non-specific effects of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination in high income setting: population based cohort study in the Netherlands

Tielemans, S.M.A.J.; Melker, Hester E. de; Hahné, Susan; Boef, Anna G. C.; Klis, Fiona R.M. van der; Sanders, Elisabeth A. M.; Sande, Marianne A. B. van der; Knol, Mirjam J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.j3862

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…4 The Dutch study examined MMR combined with Men-C as the most recent vaccine with 1,096,594 included children. 7 One study examining concurrent administration of MMR and DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccines consisted of 520,859 children. 12 The study from the USA investigating both concurrent administration and live vaccine alone as the most recent vaccine included 311,663 children.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The Danish studies 4,12,13 investigating MMR compared to children with DTaP containing vaccine as last vaccine required at least two doses of DTaP containing vaccines as a prerequisite to be included in the study. In the Dutch study, 7 the requirement was four doses DTaP, while it was three doses in the US study. 6 In the three studies with no overlapping populations 4,6,7 MMR containing vaccines as most recent vaccination was assessed as the intervention.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Dutch study, 7 the requirement was four doses DTaP, while it was three doses in the US study. 6 In the three studies with no overlapping populations 4,6,7 MMR containing vaccines as most recent vaccination was assessed as the intervention.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Dutch 7 study, MMR was administered with MenC on the same day and thus concurrently. In both the Dutch 7 and Danish 4,12,13 studies DTaP was given as a combination vaccine with HiB. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination was given on the same day in the Dutch study.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination was given on the same day in the Dutch study. 7 The US study 6 defined live vaccines as MMR, Varicella or MMRV. In this study, inactivated vaccines included diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, inactivated polio virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and hepatitis A vaccine (and combined vaccines with these antigens).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-specific effects of MMR vaccines on infectious disease related hospitalizations during the second year of life in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sinzinger¹,

Kries²,

Wichmann

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Non-specific effects of MMR vaccines on infectious disease related hospitalizations during the second year of life in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sinzinger¹,

Kries²,

Wichmann

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Cardiovascular Outcomes of α-Blockers vs 5-α Reductase Inhibitors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Zhang,

Latour,

Olawore

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe most prescribed class of medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is α-blockers (ABs). However, the cardiovascular safety profile of these medications among patients with BPH is not well understood.ObjectiveTo compare the safety of ABs vs 5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) for risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis active comparator, new-user cohort study was conducted using insurance claims data from a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2007 to 2019 to evaluate the 1-year risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Males aged 66 to 90 years were indexed into the cohort at new use of an AB or 5-ARI. Twelve months of continuous enrollment and at least 1 diagnosis code for BPH within 12 months prior to initiation were required. Data were analyzed from January 2007 through December 2019.ExposuresExposure was defined by a qualifying prescription fill for an AB or 5-ARI after at least 12 months without a prescription for these drug classes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFollow-up began at a qualified refill for the study drug. Primary study outcomes were hospitalization for heart failure (HF), composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; hospitalization for stroke, myocardial infarction, or death), composite MACE or hospitalization for HF, and death. Inverse probability of treatment and censoring-weighted 1-year risks, risk ratios (RRs), and risk differences (RDs) were estimated for each outcome.ResultsAmong 189 868 older adult males, there were 163 829 patients initiating ABs (mean [SD] age, 74.6 [6.2] years; 579 American Indian or Alaska Native [0.4%], 5890 Asian or Pacific Islander [3.6%], 9179 Black [5.6%], 10 610 Hispanic [6.5%], and 133 510 non-Hispanic White [81.5%]) and 26 039 patients initiating 5-ARIs (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [6.4] years; 76 American Indian or Alaska Native [0.3%], 827 Asian or Pacific Islander [3.2%], 1339 Black [5.1%], 1656 Hispanic [6.4%], and 21 605 non-Hispanic White [83.0%]). ABs compared with 5-ARIs were associated with an increased 1-year risk of MACE (8.95% [95% CI, 8.81%-9.09%] vs 8.32% [95% CI, 7.92%-8.72%]; RR = 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.13]; RD per 1000 individuals = 6.26 [95% CI, 2.15-10.37]), composite MACE and HF (RR = 1.07; [95% CI, 1.03-1.12]; RD per 1000 individuals = 7.40 [95% CI, 2.88-11.93 ]), and death (RR = 1.07; [95% CI, 1.01-1.14]; RD per 1000 individuals = 3.85 [95% CI, 0.40-7.29]). There was no difference in risk for HF hospitalization alone.Conclusions and RelevanceThese results suggest that ABs may be associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with 5-ARIs. If replicated with more detailed confounder data, these results may have important public health implications given these medications’ widespread use.

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Trained immunity as a novel approach against COVID‐19 with a focus on Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine: mechanisms, challenges and perspectives

et al. 2020

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COVID‐19 is a severe health problem in many countries and has altered day‐to‐day life in the whole world. This infection is caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, and depending on age, sex and health status of the patient, it can present with variety of clinical symptoms such as mild infection, a very severe form or even asymptomatic course of the disease. Similarly to other viruses, innate immune response plays a vital role in protection against COVID‐19. However, dysregulation of innate immunity could have a significant influence on the severity of the disease. Despite various efforts, there is no effective vaccine against the disease so far. Recent data have demonstrated that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine could reduce disease severity and the burden of several infectious diseases in addition to targeting its primary focus tuberculosis. There is growing evidence for the concept of beneficial non‐specific boosting of immune responses by BCG or other microbial compounds termed trained immunity, which may protect against COVID‐19. In this manuscript, we review data on how the development of innate immune memory due to microbial compounds specifically BCG can result in protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We also discuss possible mechanisms, challenges and perspectives of using innate immunity as an approach to reduce COVID‐19 severity.

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Non-specific effects of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination in high income setting: population based cohort study in the Netherlands

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Non-specific effects of MMR vaccines on infectious disease related hospitalizations during the second year of life in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Non-specific effects of MMR vaccines on infectious disease related hospitalizations during the second year of life in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiovascular Outcomes of α-Blockers vs 5-α Reductase Inhibitors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Trained immunity as a novel approach against COVID‐19 with a focus on Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine: mechanisms, challenges and perspectives

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