Non-steady state carburisation of martensitic 9–12%Cr steels in CO2 rich gases at 550°C

Carburization of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels in Carbon-Saturated Sodium: Preliminary Results on the Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon at 873 K

“…The carburization model proposed recently by Young et al [4] for the carburization of 9-12Cr steels in high temperature CO 2 took into consideration this effect. In their model, it was assumed that diffusion of carbon was coupled with rapid carbide precipitation and equilibrium partitioning of carbon between the metal and precipitates phases.…”

“…In addition to the common analyses by metallography, glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to obtain quantitative data for carbon uptake as function of time, with depth profiling. Then, a model was proposed to describe the measured carburization kinetics by modifying the usual diffusion equation as done in Young et al's paper [4].…”

“…To control the nuclear reactor power, control rods with encapsulated neutron absorbent, B 4 C, are used. In SFR, the cladding materials used for the B 4 C pellets are stainless steels [1].…”

Metal dusting, carburization and diamond deposition on Fe–Cr alloys in CH4–H2 plasma atmospheres

“…Previous investigations have shown that after thermal exposure in atmospheres containing CO, CO 2 , hydrocarbon gases like CH 4 , and C 2 H 4 , the conventional Cr-containing steel or heat-resisting alloys are readily susceptible to an internal carburization attack [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], while protective external chromia scales are difficult to develop. In a CH 4 -H 2 plasma environment, the carbon activity can be described using an equilibrium reaction:…”

Materials for use in calcium looping technology for CCS – corrosion processes in high-temperature CO2

“…In the Ca looping environment Cr rich carbides can be formed below the oxide layer (Figure 1), while carburization depth grows with time according to a parabolic law [7][8][9]. The mechanism of carburization in CO 2 environment is explained in [8] by diffusion of CO 2 species through pores in an oxide layer while reactions (1) and (2) are in local equilibrium.…”