Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Reconsidering the Role of Neuroinflammation

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases with age as the greatest risk factor. As the general population experiences extended life span, preparation for the prevention and treatment of these and other age-associated neurological diseases are warranted. Since epidemiological studies suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use decreased risk for AD and PD, increasing attention has been devoted to understanding the costs and benefits of the innate neuroinflammatory response to functional recovery following pathology onset. This review will provide a general overview on the role of neuroinflammation in these neurodegenerative diseases and an update on NSAID treatment in recent experimental animal models, epidemiological analyses, and clinical trials.

Metal ion-assisted self-assembly of complexes for controlled and sustained release of minocycline for biomedical applications

“…For applications where most neuronal loss happens in the acute stage (within 24 hr), such as traumatic brain injury [47], spinal cord injury [64, 65], and stroke [66], initial burst release of high-dose MH from the complexes can provide neuroprotection, and subsequent slow release of MH can target chronic inflammation following neural injury. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease which are closely associated with chronic neuroinflammation [67], sustained local delivery of MH can potentially inhibit the progression of these debilitating diseases while obviating the side effects from long term systemic exposure. Thus, this novel drug delivery system is highly promising to be used for neural repair.…”

From Salicis cortex to coxibs: historical background and innovative applications of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Part II

“…Z innych alternatywnych zastosowań warto nadmienić, że istnieją i wciąż są weryfikowane hipotezy o możliwym prewencyjnym wpływie wybiórczych inhibitorów COX na rozwój chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, takich jak choroba Alzheimera i choroba Parkinsona. Ich potencjalne korzystne działanie wynika prawdopodobnie z jednej strony z ich ogólnego działania przeciwzapalnego hamującego neurodegenerację indukowaną wiekiem i neurotoksynami, a z drugiej z niezależnego od COX zmniejszania zawartości amyloidogennego białka Ab42 w mózgu [38]. Oprócz tego, sądzi się, że inhibitory COX-2 mogą wpływać na funkcje układu serotoninergicznego poprzez nasilenie przekaźnictwa serotoniny w mózgowiu, co mogłoby mieć wpływ na efekt przeciwdepresyjny [39].…”

Synthesis of Ibuprofen Conjugated Molecular Transporter Capable of Enhanced Brain Penetration

“…Approximately 33 million Americans annually use these compounds for the symptomatic relief of headache, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain, and musculoskeletal conditions. Moreover, many epidemiological studies demonstrate that NSAIDs have a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease [3][4][5][6][7]. Brain response to cellular stress, injury, and pathology can lead to neuroinflammation which upregulates microglia cells.…”