Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A current insight into its molecular mechanism eliciting organ toxicities

Connection between Osteoarthritis and Nitric Oxide: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Target

“…However, the current medication has often limited effects [ 93 ] and the adverse effects make long-term treatment compliance difficult. For example, NSAIDS may lead to renal insufficiency, gastritis, and peptic ulcer formation [ 94 , 95 ]. Prolonged NSAIDs usage might also cause rare adverse effects, involving the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems [ 96 , 97 , 98 ].…”

Promising approaches and kinetic prospects of the microbial degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants

“…Aromatic groups with acidic functional moieties are common in anti-inflammatory medicines. 51 A broad classification based on chemical forms includes oxicams, salicylates, acid, indole derivatives, and anthranilates. The majority of anti-inflammatory medications are attached to plasma proteins, which improves the bioavailability by allowing them to cross the organ barrier.…”

The potential of lignocellulosic biomass for magnetic solid phase extraction of naproxen from saliva samples

“…This prevalence contributes to their presence in water sources such as wastewater, soil and sediment, as well as seawater. 29,30 Naproxen, a member of the propionic acid class of non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs, is extensively employed to address both chronic and acute pain, fever, swelling, and inammation. [31][32][33] Numerous analytical techniques have been suggested for quantifying NSAIDs in biological uids and water matrices, 34,35 encompassing strategies for sample enrichment before applying liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, or coupling with mass spectrometry.…”