Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Poláková, K; Kudrna, V.; Kodeš, A.; Hučko, B.; Mudrik, Z.

doi:10.17221/1710-cjas

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…The pattern of rumen metabolites shows the degradation products of rumen microorganisms, depending on the feed ratio. Non-fiber carbohydrates (NFCs), including starch, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and pectin, are rapidly decomposed by rumen microorganisms to produce VFAs [24,2519]. A higher NFC ratio in feed increases the production of VFAs, resulting in a decrease in rumen pH [2620].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

et al. 2023

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Objective: In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows that were fed different feed ratios were investigated. Methods:Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows. Metabolite analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification, and statistical analysis was performed using Chenomx NMR software 8.4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results:The two groups of rumen fluid and urine samples were well separated, and samples from the same group were well aggregated together. On the other hand, the feces samples were not separated and showed similar tendencies between the two groups. In total, 160, 177, and 188 metabolites were identified in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces, respectively. The metabolites with low and high concentrations were 15 and 49, 14 and 16, and 2 and 2 in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces samples, in the NCD group. Conclusion:As high concentrate diet is related to rumen microbial changes, research on different metabolites such as glucuronate, acetylsalicylate, histidine, and O-Acetylcarnitine, which are related to bacterial degradation and metabolism, will need to be carried out in future studies along with microbial analysis. In urine, the identified metabolites, such as gallate, syringate, and vanillate can provide insight into microbial, metabolic, and feed parameters that cause changes depending on the feed rate. Additionally, it is thought that they can be used as potential biomarkers for further research from subacute ruminal acidosis.

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Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

et al. 2023

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Using precision livestock farming for dairy herd management

Loučka¹,

Jančík²,

Kumprechtová³

et al. 2023

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to validate selected precision livestock farming (PLF) methods of nutrition and feeding management of high-yielding Holstein dairy cows. In a feeding trial with 36 dairy cows, the effect of replacing 0.1 kg of sodium bicarbonate in the control total mixed ration (TMR-C) with 1 kg of wheat straw in the experimental total mixed ration (TMR-S) on the physiological status of cows and the amount of milk produced (milk yield, MY) was investigated. Feed intake time (FT), as measured using tensometric feed troughs (TFT), was significantly longer with TMR-S (188 min) than with TMR-C (157 min). Differences between TMR-C and TMR-S were not significant for FT or rumination time (RT), as measured by a sensor in the collar (VSC). There was only a weak correlation between the two technologies (TFT vs. VSC) for FT (r = 0.27). Differences between TMR-C and TMR-S were not significant for values measured in rumen fluid (pH, acid and ammonia levels) nor for values measured by sensors in the milking parlour (MY, fat and protein percentage of milk). Milk analysis in the laboratory showed that the cows fed TMR-C had higher urea (26.6 vs. 22.7 mg/100 ml) and free fatty acid (0.87 vs. 0.33 mmol/100 g) levels in milk. Moderate correlations were between TMR intake and MY (r = 0.55); between MY and milk fat (r = -0.46); between milk fat and milk protein (r = 0.63); and between milk fat and milk protein measured by sensors and in the laboratory (r = 0.47 and r = 0.42, respectively). In view of the above results, further research and data validation for each technology are needed.

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Lipid and lipoprotein profile changes in dairy cows in response to late pregnancy and the early postpartum period

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In dairy cows the peripartum period involves endocrine and metabolic changes to compensate for the increased energy requirement aggravated by reduced feed intake. Cows adjust to the resulting negative energy balance with the mobilization of lipids from adipose tissue that, if excessive, could lead to many transition disorders compromising the offspring's growth and well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in five dairy cows during the peripartum period. For each cow body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) measurements as well as blood sampling was carried out 60, 30 and 15 days before calving (−60, −30 and −15 BC), at calving day (C) and on days 15, 30 and 60 after calving (+15, +30 and +60 AC). Blood samples were tested for serum total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), total cholesterol (Total-Chol), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the effect of the peripartum period on the studied parameters in cows. A statistically significant effect of the peripartum period (P < 0.05) was found in the values of BCS, BW and all serum lipid and lipoprotein indices measured in cows. The changes observed in lipid indices of peripartum cows could be due to the start of milking and the increase in energy consumption in the body, confirming that metabolic adjustments occur as cows move from the gestation to the lactation period.

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Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Using precision livestock farming for dairy herd management

Lipid and lipoprotein profile changes in dairy cows in response to late pregnancy and the early postpartum period

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