Non-symbiotic Nitrogen-fixing Organisms from Some New Zealand Tussock-grassland Soils

Line, MA; Loutit, Margaret W.

doi:10.1099/00221287-66-3-309

Cited by 71 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Isolate AN1 also is a member of the gammaproteobacteria, but it is most closely related to species of the genus Enterobacter, and specifically to E. radicincitans, a known diazotrophic and plant growth-promoting species (PubMed ID 15900968). Nitrogen-fixing enterics have also been found as common inhabitants of soils (33), plant material (16), decaying wood (48), and pulp and paper mill effluents (20). However, alternative nitrogenases have not previously been observed in this group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments

Betancourt¹,

Loveless

Brown³

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Molybdenum-independent nitrogenases were first described in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii and have since been described in other diazotrophic bacteria. Previously, we reported the isolation of seven diazotrophs with Mo-independent nitrogenases from aquatic environments. In the present study, we extend these results to include diazotrophs isolated from wood chip mulch, soil, "paraffin dirt," and sediments from mangrove swamps. Mo-deficient, N-free media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were used for the isolations. A total of 26 isolates were genetically and physiologically characterized. Their phylogenetic placement was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Most of the isolates are members of the gamma subdivision of the class Proteobacteria and appear to be specifically related to fluorescent pseudomonads and azotobacteria. Two other isolates, AN1 and LPF4, are closely related to Enterobacter spp. and Paenibacillus spp., respectively. PCR and/or Southern hybridization were used to detect the presence of nitrogenase genes in the isolates. PCR amplification of vnfG and anfG was used to detect the genetic potential for the expression of the vanadium-containing nitrogenase and the iron-only nitrogenase in the isolates. This study demonstrates that diazotrophs with Mo-independent nitrogenases can be readily isolated from diverse natural environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments

Betancourt¹,

Loveless

Brown³

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Methods for isolation and enumeration of certain nitrogen-fixing bacteria and blue-green algae have been described (Line & Loutit 1971). In addition non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria were isolated …”

Section: Media and Methods For The Isolation And Enumeration Of Possimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soils sampled were at altitudes ranging from 600-1000 metres. Chemical analyses of soil samples were as described previously (Line & Loutit 1969).…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duplicate 5 g (wet weight) samples were placed in standard 20 ml test tubes, sealed with mbber stoppers, evacuated via syringe needles, flushed with argon, and finally filled with a gas mixture of argon 90% and acetylene 10%., The tubes were incubated at 20°c and gas sampl~s removed at hourly intervals for ethylene determinations. Gas chromatography was carried out as described previously (Line & Loutit 1971) .…”

Section: Acetylene Reduction By Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous communication (Line & Loutit 1971) the occurrence of non-symbiotic nitrogenfixing micro-organisms in soils of the Rock and Pillar Range, Central Otago, was discussed. The present report extends this study to a variety of tussock-grassland localities, and includes estimates of the non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates occurring in these soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in New Zealand tussock-grassland soils

Line

Loutit

1973

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Soil samples from a number of tussock-grassland soils have been examined for the prcsence of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing micro-organisms and estimates made of the contribution by these organisms to the nitrogen status of tussock-grassland soils.Blue-green algae belonging to three genera (Anabaena, Nostoc, and Tolypothrix) and bacteria belonging to seven genera (Azotobacter, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Entcrobocter, Klebsiella, and Rhodopseudomonas) were isolated, although of these only Clostridium species was found to be ubiquitous. Estimated numbers of these organisms in the soil were generally low.Acetylene-reduction assay of unamended soil samples indicated annual rates of nitrogen fixation equivalent to 0-3 kg N/ha.

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Characterization of nitrogen‐fixing (C₂h₂‐reducing) Bacillus species from Egyptian soils

Wahab

1980

J of Basic Microbiology

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(Eingegangen a m 6. 8.1979. revidiert eingegangen a m 17. 1.1980)The characteristics of ten N,(C,H,)-fixing Bacillus strains, isolated from Egyptian soils. were investigated. The isolates were not completely identical to any of the described species in the 8th Edition of BERGEY'S Manual. However, two strains were closely related to B. cereus, five strains were tentatively characterized as B. lichenqormis and three strains with swollen sporangia and thick-walled endospores shared their main characteristics with B. circulans.A comparison between these bacilli and other known nitrogen-fixing Bacillus species revealed major differences in culture characteristics and C,H,-reducing activities. This suggests that the Bacillus isolates described here are new nitrogen-fixing bacteria.Only few Bacillus species were reported to fix N,. These include B. polymyxa (HINO and WILSON 1958, GRAU andWILSON 1962), B. macerans (Wmz et al. 1967), and B. circulans (LINE and LOUTIT 1971). Anaerobic N, fixation by these bacteria has unequivocally been demonstrated by using 15N2. Anaerobic C,H, reduction by identified Bacillus isolates from the rhizosphere of wheat has also been recently reported (NEAL and LARSON 1976).Facultative l5NZ fixation was reported by Bacillus spp. from African soils (MOORE and BECEWG 1963). Three other Bacillus isolates from the sand dunes in Britain were found to reduce C,H, (ABDEL WAHAB 1975). These Bacillus species, however, were not completely identified.In a previous report (ABDEL WAHAB and EL-SHAROUNY 1979) the cultural conditions and the C,H,-reducing activities of several Bacillus strains isolated from Egyptian soils were investigated. The work to be reported was carried out in order to characterize the Bacillus isolates and to compare the strains with the species described in the 8th Edition of BERGEY'S Manual as well as with other known &-fixing Bacillus species. Materials and methodsBacterial cultures: Cultures of Bacillus strains, previously isolated from Egyptian soils and examined for their nitrogenase (C,H,) activities (ABDEL WAHAB and EL-SHAROUNY 1979) were used in the present investigation.Media for morphological characterization and identification of bacteria : Media used to study the biochemical activities of the Bacillus strains were those of SMITH et al. (1946) and KNIGHT and PROOM (1950). The composition of these media is described in HARRIGAN and MCCANCE (1966).For maintenance of cultures and morphological characterization, i.e., gram staining and study of colonies, cultures were grown on nutrient agar (NA) slants containing the following ingredients in a final volume of 1000 ml of medium: 5 g of each of Bactopeptone, beef extract, NaCI, and 15 g of agar. Agar was omitted from the medium to prepare nutrient broth (NB).Bacillus isolates were grown anaerobically by inoculating cultures into glucose nutrient agar (GNB) and incubating at 30 "C for 5 days in anaerobic atmosphere of 95% H, and 6% CO, (KNIGHT and PROOM 1956). 32'

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Non-symbiotic Nitrogen-fixing Organisms from Some New Zealand Tussock-grassland Soils

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments

Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments

Studies on non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in New Zealand tussock-grassland soils

Characterization of nitrogen‐fixing (C₂h₂‐reducing) Bacillus species from Egyptian soils

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Non-symbiotic Nitrogen-fixing Organisms from Some New Zealand Tussock-grassland Soils

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments

Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments

Studies on non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in New Zealand tussock-grassland soils

Characterization of nitrogen‐fixing (C2h2‐reducing) Bacillus species from Egyptian soils

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Characterization of nitrogen‐fixing (C₂h₂‐reducing) Bacillus species from Egyptian soils