Non-syndromic occurrence of true generalized microdontia with hypodontia

Abstract

Rational: Dental abnormalities can occur at any stage of tooth development. Of these abnormalities, true generalized microdontia is a rare condition in which all teeth are smaller than normal, while hypodontia is defined as the absence of 1 to 5 teeth. As far as we are aware, no article has reported a case of the non-syndromic occurrence of true generalized microdontia with hypodontia. Patient concerns: A 9-year-old girl who had no systemic diseases presented with congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors bilaterally and small teeth involving the whole dentition. Diagnoses: Based on intraoral examinations and panoramic radiograph, the patient was diagnosed with the simultaneous occurrence of true generalized microdontia, hypodontia, and a variation of maxillary 1st molar with a single root and single canal. Also, the patient had premature loss of mandibular molars and canines, periapical periodontitis in the mandible left 1st primary molar and deep caries in mandible left secondary primary molar. Interventions: A removable appliance to hold space for early loss of mandibular molars and canines was made at the present stage. The mandible left 1st primary molar had periapical periodontitis and the affected tooth was extracted. Furthermore, the distal surface of the mandible left 2nd primary molar was filled with complex resin materials. A multi-disciplinary therapy plan was carefully designed including orthodontics, dental implants and esthetic restoration in the future. Outcomes: The patient complied well with instructions for wearing the removable space maintainer, which helps prevent mesial migration of the permanent 1st molars, at the current stage. The therapeutic efficiency on periapical periodontitis and caries lesions was also good. Lessons: The non-syndromic presence of true generalized microdontia is extremely rare. A personalized treatment plan with multi-disciplinary considerations should be given for these patients. The pathogenesis remains unclear but may be related to genetic as well as environmental factors. More studies are urgently needed to explore the pathogenesis and treatment options for the future.

Aesthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of Patients with Genetic Microdontia: A Multidisciplinary Approach

“…Orthodontic treatment is frequently described in the management of microdontia [ 2 , 8 ]. In this case, orthodontic treatment of the two maxillary central incisors combined with an implant-supported rehabilitation could have been considered.…”

A rare occurrence of nonsyndromic focal microdontia of primary teeth with hypodontia of permanent teeth in a pediatric patient

“…Ectodermal components include the enamel organ which forms enamel of the tooth while the ectomesenchymal components include dental papilla which helps in formation of dentin and pulp and dental follicle which forms the supporting tissue of the tooth. [ 7 ]…”

“…Although the exact mechanism for variation in the teeth is not known, many studies have shown that environmental factors, genetic mutations and epigenetics lead to developmental anomalies of the teeth. [ 7 ]…”

From Child to Adulthood, a Multidisciplinary Approach of Multiple Microdontia Associated with Hypodontia: Case Report Relating a 15 Year-Long Management and Follow-Up

“…They can affect a single tooth or the entire denture and both primary and permanent teeth. Other dental anomalies such as hypodontia may also be associated with microdontia [ 1 ]. These alterations in size may be linked to genetic factors and in particular syndromes such as pituitary dwarfism and Rieger’s syndrome.…”