Non-targeted authentication of black pepper using a local web platform: Development, validation and post-analytical challenges of a combined NIR spectroscopy and LASSO method

Thermal desorption direct analysis in real‐time high‐resolution mass spectrometry and machine learning allow the rapid authentication of ground black pepper and dried oregano: A proof‐of‐concept study

“…4 While the reference methods are based on conventional microscopy, 1 infrared microscopy 4 and next generation sequencing (NGS) 5 are widely used in food industry quality control. 6 For the detection of adulterated black pepper, numerous spectroscopic methods are been developed in the last few years, 4,[7][8][9][10][11] whereas mass spectrometry (MS) has been particularly successful in authenticating dried oregano. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Note that a variety of MS methods exists that, upon integration with statistics, are capable of predicting the geographical origins of black pepper, [18][19][20] but only a few of these methods have succeeded in authenticity assessments.…”

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17] Note that a variety of MS methods exists that, upon integration with statistics, are capable of predicting the geographical origins of black pepper, [18][19][20] but only a few of these methods have succeeded in authenticity assessments. 6,18,19,21 Multiple efforts in MS, aimed to reduce the complexity of the workflow through the removal (or minimization) of sample preparation and the subsequent shortening of analysis times, led to the introduction of ambient mass spectrometry (AMS). 22 Among AMS techniques, direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) provided encouraging results in the authentication of herbs and spices.…”

“…The easiest fraud of black pepper is based on dilution with nonfunctional by‐products (i.e., black pepper spent or pinheads), named here endogenous materials, or exogenous materials (papaya seeds, coriander, gypsum plaster, green anise, olive kernel, talc, rice flour, black mustard, sesame seeds, green lentil, red beans, chili powder, garlic powder, Szechuan pepper, or maize flour) 4 . While the reference methods are based on conventional microscopy, 1 infrared microscopy 4 and next generation sequencing (NGS) 5 are widely used in food industry quality control 6 . For the detection of adulterated black pepper, numerous spectroscopic methods are been developed in the last few years, 4,7–11 whereas mass spectrometry (MS) has been particularly successful in authenticating dried oregano 12–17 .…”

“…For the detection of adulterated black pepper, numerous spectroscopic methods are been developed in the last few years, 4,7–11 whereas mass spectrometry (MS) has been particularly successful in authenticating dried oregano 12–17 . Note that a variety of MS methods exists that, upon integration with statistics, are capable of predicting the geographical origins of black pepper, 18–20 but only a few of these methods have succeeded in authenticity assessments 6,18,19,21 …”

Metabolic signature of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infected and infectious dairy cattle by integrating nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and blood indices

“…The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method yields multiclass classifiers that involve only a small subset of discriminant metabolites ( 19 – 21 ). A mathematical weight for each statistically informative metabolite is calculated by LASSO, based on its capability in characterizing a certain class.…”