“…With the increase of the calcination temperature, the adsorbed oxygen content on the surface decreases, and the presence of reactants on the surface of the catalyst is impeded, hindering the subsequent reaction . Interestingly, combined with the changes in valence states of Cu and Mn species in Figure d, it can be found that there is a linear relationship between the content of Mn 4+ and the content of Cu + , which means that there is a Cu 2+ + Mn 3+ ↔ Cu + + Mn 4+ redox cycle in the CuMn 2 O 4 /SiO 2 -T catalysts. − Two Jahn–Teller ions, Mn 3+ and Cu 2+ , also contribute to the formation of solid-state charge transfer redox system in spinel structures . The presence of a strong interaction between the Cu and Mn redox cycle significantly improves the redox capacity.…”